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What if the main data protection vulnerability is risk management? Data Protection merges three disciplines: data protection law, information security, and risk management. Nonetheless, very little research has been made on the field of…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2025-02-18 Luis Enriquez

Privacy Policies are the legal documents that describe the practices that an organization or company has adopted in the handling of the personal data of its users. But as policies are a legal document, they are often written in extensive…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-25 Ayesha Qamar , Tehreem Javed , Mirza Omer Beg

Data protection law, including the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), usually requires a privacy policy before data can be collected from individuals. We analysed 15,145 privacy policies from 26,910 mobile apps in May 2019 (about…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-11-29 Konrad Kollnig

Combining big data and machine learning algorithms, the power of automatic decision tools induces as much hope as fear. Many recently enacted European legislation (GDPR) and French laws attempt to regulate the use of these tools. Leaving…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2018-10-04 Philippe Besse , Celine Castets-Renard , Aurelien Garivier , Jean-Michel Loubes

Many individuals are concerned about the governance of machine learning systems and the prevention of algorithmic harms. The EU's recent General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) has been seen as a core tool for achieving better governance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-17 Michael Veale , Reuben Binns , Lilian Edwards

In software development, privacy preservation has become essential with the rise of privacy concerns and regulations such as GDPR and CCPA. While several tools, guidelines, methods, methodologies, and frameworks have been proposed to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Tharaka Wijesundara , Matthew Warren , Nalin Asanka Gamagedara Arachchilage

General Data Protection Regulations (GDPR) aim to safeguard individuals' personal information from harm. While full compliance is mandatory in the European Union and the California Privacy Rights Act (CPRA), it is not in other places. GDPR…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Nasim Sonboli , Sipei Li , Mehdi Elahi , Asia Biega

Financial inclusion depends on providing adjusted services for citizens with disclosed vulnerabilities. At the same time, the financial industry needs to adhere to a strict regulatory framework, which is often in conflict with the desire…

Along with the blooming of AI and Machine Learning-based applications and services, data privacy and security have become a critical challenge. Conventionally, data is collected and aggregated in a data centre on which machine learning…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-19 Nguyen Truong , Kai Sun , Siyao Wang , Florian Guitton , Yike Guo

The proliferation of Large Language Models (LLMs) has demonstrated remarkable capabilities, elevating the critical importance of LLM safety. However, existing safety methods rely on ad-hoc taxonomy and lack a rigorous, systematic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Wenbin Hu , Huihao Jing , Haochen Shi , Haoran Li , Yangqiu Song

This paper shows how knowledge representation and reasoning techniques can be used to support organizations in complying with the GDPR, that is, the new European data protection regulation. This work is carried out in a European H2020…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-01-16 P. A. Bonatti , L. Ioffredo , I. Petrova , L. Sauro , I. R. Siahaan

A new Cyber Resilience Act (CRA) was recently agreed upon in the European Union (EU). The paper examines and elaborates what new requirements the CRA entails by contrasting it with the older General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR).…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Jukka Ruohonen , Kalle Hjerppe , Eun-Young Kang

We study the overall process of automatic formalization of GDPR provisions using large language models, within a human-in-the-loop verification framework. Rather than aiming for full autonomy, we adopt a role-specialized workflow in which…

Privacy policies define the terms under which personal data may be collected and processed by data controllers. The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) imposes requirements on these policies that are often difficult to implement.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-19 Raúl Pardo , Daniel Le Métayer

The transparent and decentralized characteristics associated with blockchain can be both appealing and problematic when applied to a healthcare use-case. As health data is highly sensitive, it is also highly regulated to ensure the privacy…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-09-29 Anton Hasselgren , Paul Kengfai Wan , Margareth Horn , Katina Kralevska , Danilo Gligoroski , Arild Faxvaag

Many Android applications collect data from users. When they do, they must protect this collected data according to the current legal frameworks. Such data protection has become even more important since the European Union rolled out the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-03-20 Mugdha Khedkar

This paper explores the importance of accountability to data protection, and how it can be built into the Internet of Things (IoT). The need to build accountability into the IoT is motivated by the opaque nature of distributed data flows,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2018-01-23 Lachlan Urquhart , Tom Lodge , Andy Crabtree

With the increase in the number of privacy regulations, small development teams are forced to make privacy decisions on their own. In this paper, we conduct a mixed-method survey study, including statistical and qualitative analysis, to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Maxwell Prybylo , Sara Haghighi , Sai Teja Peddinti , Sepideh Ghanavati

With the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in place, all domains have to ensure compliance with privacy legislation. However, compliance does not necessarily result in a privacy-friendly system as for example getting users' consent…

The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) grants all natural persons the right of access to their personal data if this is being processed by data controllers. The data controllers are obliged to share the data in an electronic format…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-05-06 Laura Boeschoten , Roos Voorvaart , Casper Kaandorp , Ruben van den Goorbergh , Martine de Vos