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Related papers: On efficient adjustment in causal graphs

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We study the selection of covariate adjustment sets for estimating the value of point exposure dynamic policies, also known as dynamic treatment regimes, assuming a non-parametric causal graphical model with hidden variables, in which at…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-05-27 Ezequiel Smucler , Facundo Sapienza , Andrea Rotnitzky

Covariate adjustment is a commonly used method for total causal effect estimation. In recent years, graphical criteria have been developed to identify all valid adjustment sets, that is, all covariate sets that can be used for this purpose.…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-05-11 Leonard Henckel , Emilija Perković , Marloes H. Maathuis

The method of covariate adjustment is often used for estimation of population average treatment effects in observational studies. Graphical rules for determining all valid covariate adjustment sets from an assumed causal graphical model are…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-12-18 Andrea Rotnitzky , Ezequiel Smucler

In order to achieve unbiased and efficient estimators of causal effects from observational data, covariate selection for confounding adjustment becomes an important task in causal inference. Despite recent advancements in graphical…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-05-29 Hongyi Chen , Maurits Kaptein

Criteria for identifying optimal adjustment sets yielding consistent estimation with minimal asymptotic variance of average treatment effects in parametric and nonparametric models have recently been established. In a single treatment time…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-10-06 David Adenyo , Mireille E Schnitzer , David Berger , Jason R Guertin , Denis Talbot

Principled reasoning about the identifiability of causal effects from non-experimental data is an important application of graphical causal models. This paper focuses on effects that are identifiable by covariate adjustment, a commonly used…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-01-25 Benito van der Zander , Maciej Liśkiewicz , Johannes Textor

We study the selection of adjustment sets for estimating the interventional mean under an individualized treatment rule. We assume a non-parametric causal graphical model with, possibly, hidden variables and at least one adjustment set…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-01-07 Ezequiel Smucler , Andrea Rotnitzky

Covariate adjustment is a widely used approach to estimate total causal effects from observational data. Several graphical criteria have been developed in recent years to identify valid covariates for adjustment from graphical causal…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-07-07 Emilija Perković , Johannes Textor , Markus Kalisch , Marloes H. Maathuis

The problem of selecting optimal backdoor adjustment sets to estimate causal effects in graphical models with hidden and conditioned variables is addressed. Previous work has defined optimality as achieving the smallest asymptotic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-26 Jakob Runge

Identifying and controlling bias is a key problem in empirical sciences. Causal diagram theory provides graphical criteria for deciding whether and how causal effects can be identified from observed (nonexperimental) data by covariate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-02-20 Johannes Textor , Maciej Liskiewicz

Observational studies in fields such as epidemiology often rely on covariate adjustment to estimate causal effects. Classical graphical criteria, like the back-door criterion and the generalized adjustment criterion, are powerful tools for…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-24 Isabela Belciug , Simon Ferreira , Charles K. Assaad

Faced with data-driven policies, individuals will manipulate their features to obtain favorable decisions. While earlier works cast these manipulations as undesirable gaming, recent works have adopted a more nuanced causal framing in which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-22 Tom Yan , Shantanu Gupta , Zachary Lipton

Estimating causal effects from observational data is not always possible due to confounding. Identifying a set of appropriate covariates (adjustment set) and adjusting for their influence can remove confounding bias; however, such a set is…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-11-19 Sofia Triantafillou , Gregory Cooper

Covariate adjustment is one method of causal effect identification in non-experimental settings. Prior research provides routes for finding appropriate adjustments sets, but much of this research assumes knowledge of the underlying causal…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-04 Sara LaPlante , Sofia Triantafillou , Emilija Perković

Precise knowledge of causal directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) is assumed for standard approaches towards valid adjustment set selection for unbiased estimation, but in practice, the DAG is often inferred from data or expert knowledge,…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-11-14 Zhongyi Hu , Stéphanie van der Pas

Adjusting for covariates is a well established method to estimate the total causal effect of an exposure variable on an outcome of interest. Depending on the causal structure of the mechanism under study there may be different adjustment…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-04-27 Jack Kuipers , Giusi Moffa

Identifying effects of actions (treatments) on outcome variables from observational data and causal assumptions is a fundamental problem in causal inference. This identification is made difficult by the presence of confounders which can be…

Methodology · Statistics 2012-03-19 Ilya Shpitser , Tyler VanderWeele , James M. Robins

We study the problem of learning the causal relationships between a set of observed variables in the presence of latents, while minimizing the cost of interventions on the observed variables. We assume access to an undirected graph $G$ on…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-12-29 Raghavendra Addanki , Andrew McGregor , Cameron Musco

In the estimation of causal effects, one common method for removing the influence of confounders is to adjust the variables that satisfy the back-door criterion. However, it is not always possible to uniquely determine sets of such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Atsushi Noda , Takashi Isozaki

Confounder selection, namely choosing a set of covariates to control for confounding between a treatment and an outcome, is arguably the most important step in the design of an observational study. Previous methods, such as Pearl's…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-24 F. Richard Guo , Qingyuan Zhao
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