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In this communication, the co-maximal subgroup graph $\Gamma(G)$ of a finite group $G$ is examined when $G$ is a finite nilpotent group, finite abelian group, dihedral group $D_n$, dicyclic group $Q_{2^n}$, and $p$-group. We derive the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-10-11 Pallabi Manna , Santanu Mandal , Manideepa Saha

The nilpotent graph of a group $G$ is the simple and undirected graph whose vertices are the elements of $G$ and two distinct vertices are adjacent if they generate a nilpotent subgroup of $G$. Here we discuss some topological properties of…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2025-02-11 Costantino Delizia , Michele Gaeta , Mark L. Lewis , Carmine Monetta

Let $\Gamma$ be a finite graph, and for each vertex $i$ let $G_i$ be a finitely presented group. Let $G$ be the graph product of the $G_i$. That is, $G$ is the group obtained from the free product of the $G_i$ by factoring out by the…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2008-02-03 Daniel E. Cohen

Let $G$ be a (finite or infinite) group such that $G/Z(G)$ is not simple. The non-commuting, non-generating graph $\Xi(G)$ of $G$ has vertex set $G \setminus Z(G)$, with vertices $x$ and $y$ adjacent whenever $[x,y] \ne 1$ and $\langle x, y…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2023-11-13 Saul D. Freedman

The generating graph $\Gamma(G)$ of a finite group $G$ has vertex set the non-identity elements of $G$, with two elements connected exactly when they generate $G$. A coclique in a graph is an empty induced subgraph, so a coclique in…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2020-07-24 Veronica Kelsey , Colva M. Roney-Dougal

The power graph $\Gamma_G$ of a finite group $G$ is the graph whose vertex set is the group, two distinct elements being adjacent if one is a power of the other. In this paper, we classify the finite groups whose power graphs have…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2015-12-17 Xuanlong Ma , Gary L. Walls , Kaishun Wang

Let $G$ be the fundamental group of a graph of finitely generated virtually free groups with virtually cyclic edge groups. We shaw that $G$ is cohomologically good if $G$ is residually finite. If $G$ is LERF, we prove that G splits…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-18 Andrei Jaikin-Zapirain , Henrique Souza , Pavel Zalesski

Given a finite group $G$ with a normal subgroup $N$, the simple graph $\Gamma_\textit{G}( \textit{N} )$ is a graph whose vertices are of the form $|x^G|$, where $x\in{N\setminus{Z(G)}}$, and $x^G$ is the $G$-conjugacy class of $N$…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2020-06-08 Shabnam Rahimi

An $L(2,1)$-labelling of a finite graph $\Gamma$ is a function that assigns integer values to the vertices $V(\Gamma)$ of $\Gamma$ (colouring of $V(\Gamma)$ by ${\mathbb{Z}}$) so that the absolute difference of two such values is at least…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2021-06-18 Mayank Mishra , Siddhartha Sarkar

For a nilpotent group $G$, let $\Xi(G)$ be the difference between the complement of the generating graph of $G$ and the commuting graph of $G$, with vertices corresponding to central elements of $G$ removed. That is, $\Xi(G)$ has vertex set…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2021-02-01 Peter J. Cameron , Saul D. Freedman , Colva M. Roney-Dougal

The generating graph encodes how generating pairs are spread among the elements of a group. For more than ten years it has been conjectured that this graph is connected for every finite group. In this paper, we give evidence supporting this…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2024-05-28 Andrea Lucchini , Daniele Nemmi

For a finite group $G$, the vertices of the prime graph $\Gamma(G)$ are the primes that divide $|G|$, and two vertices $p$ and $q$ are connected by an edge if and only if there is an element of order $pq$ in $G$. Prime graphs of solvable…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2024-07-10 Thomas Michael Keller , Gavin Pettigrew , Saskia Solotko , Lixin Zheng

A graph $\Gamma$ is called $G$-symmetric if it admits $G$ as a group of automorphisms acting transitively on the set of ordered pairs of adjacent vertices. We give a classification of $G$-symmetric graphs $\Gamma$ with $V(\Gamma)$ admitting…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2017-06-19 Teng Fang , Xin Gui Fang , Binzhou Xia , Sanming Zhou

Let $G$ be a finite group, and let $\Delta(G)$ be the prime graph built on the set of conjugacy class sizes of $G$: this is the simple undirected graph whose vertices are the prime numbers dividing some conjugacy class size of $G$, two…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2019-12-23 Silvio Dolfi , Emanuele Pacifici , Lucía Sanus , Víctor Sotomayor

For a finite group $G$ denote by $\gamma(L(G))$ the genus of the subgroup graph of $G.$ We prove that $\gamma(L(G))$ tends to infinity as either the rank of $G$ or the number of prime divisors of $|G|$ tends to infinity.

Group Theory · Mathematics 2020-02-03 Andrea Lucchini

Given a finite simplicial graph $\Gamma=(V,E)$ with a vertex-labelling $\varphi:V\rightarrow\left\{\text{non-trivial finitely generated groups}\right\}$, the graph product $G_\Gamma$ is the free product of the vertex groups $\varphi(v)$…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2020-01-09 Olga Varghese

Let $G$ be a finite non-solvable group with solvable radical $Sol(G)$. The solvable graph $\Gamma_s(G)$ of $G$ is a graph with vertex set $G\setminus Sol(G)$ and two distinct vertices $u$ and $v$ are adjacent if and only if $\langle u, v…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2019-03-06 Parthajit Bhowal , Deiborlang Nongsiang , Rajat Kanti Nath

In this article we generalize the theory of subgroup graphs of subgroups of free groups to finite index subgroups $H$ of finitely generated groups $G$. We study and prove various properties of $H$ in relation to its subgroup graph…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2016-03-23 Cora Welsch

Let $G$ be a group. The intersection graph $\Gamma(G)$ of $G$ is an undirected graph without loops and multiple edges defined as follows: the vertex set is the set of all proper non-trivial subgroups of $G$, and there is an edge between two…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2018-05-29 Selçuk Kayacan

Given a finite group $G$, its prime graph $\Gamma(G)$ (also known as its Gruenberg-Kegel graph) is the graph whose vertices are the prime divisors of $|G|$ and where edges $\{p, q\}$ exist whenever $G$ contains an element of order $pq$. We…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2025-11-21 Lucas Alland , Andrei Fridman , Thomas Michael Keller