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Battery management system plays an important role for modern battery-powered application such as Electric vehicles, portable electronic equipment and storage for renewable energy sources. It also increases the life-cycle of the battery,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-01-28 Poushali Pal , Devabalaji K. R , S. Priyadarshini

In this manuscript, we have investigated the response of the State of Charge (SoC) and the open-circuit voltage across the dynamic battery model under the variable voltage and current during the charging cycle of the battery. These variable…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-12-08 Siddhi Vinayak Pandey , Jeet Patel , Harsh S. Dhiman

A reinforcement learning-based optimal charging strategy is proposed for Li-ion batteries to extend the battery life and to ensure the end-user convenience. Unlike most previous studies that do not reflect real-world scenario well, in this…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-19 Minho Kim , Jongchan Baek , Soohee Han

In this article, we present a simple, inexpensive, and effective method for measuring the capacitor charge and discharge processes using a light-emitting diode (LED) and the light meter of a smartphone. We propose a simple circuit in which…

Physics Education · Physics 2023-10-10 Rubén Hurtado-Gutiérrez , Álvaro Tejero

Accurate identification of lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery parameters is essential for managing and predicting battery behavior. However, existing discrete-time methods hinder the estimation of physical parameters and face the fast-slow…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-26 Yang Wang , Riccardo M. G. Ferrari , Michel Verhaegen

This article presents two Deep Forward Networks with two and four hidden layers, respectively, that model the drive cycle of a Panasonic 18650PF lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery at a given temperature using the K-fold cross-validation method,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-22 Alexandre Barbosa de Lima , Maurício B. C. Salles , José Roberto Cardoso

The future evolution of technological systems dedicated to improve energy efficiency will strongly depend on effective and reliable Energy Storage Systems, as key components for Smart Grids, microgrids and electric mobility. Besides…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-02-21 Maurizio Paschero , Gian Luca Storti , Antonello Rizzi , Fabio Massimo Frattale Mascioli , Giorgio Rizzoni

The operation efficiency of the electric transportation, energy storage, and grids mainly depends on the fundamental characteristics of the employed batteries. Fundamental variables like voltage, current, temperature, and estimated…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-11 Anupama R Itagi , Rakhee Kallimani , Krishna Pai , Sridhar Iyer , Onel L. A. López , Sushant Mutagekar

When State of Charge, State of Health, and parameters of the Lithium-ion battery are estimated simultaneously, the estimation accuracy is hard to be ensured due to uncertainties in the estimation process. To improve the estimation…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-20 Ziyou Song , Jun Hou , Xuefeng Li , Xiaogang Wu , Xiaosong Hu , Heath Hofmann , Jing Sun

Electric Vehicle (EV) fleets have dramatically expanded over the past several years. There has been significant increase in interest to electrify all modes of transportation. EVs are primarily powered by Energy Storage Systems such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-20 Aniruddh Herle , Janamejaya Channegowda , Dinakar Prabhu

The demand for power has increased exponentially over the last century. One avenue through which today's energy problems can be addressed is through the reduction of energy usage in households. This has increased the emphasis on the need…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-08-12 A N Madhavanunni , S S Arya , Renjith Kumar D

Being able to predict battery internal states that are related to battery degradation is a key aspect to improve battery lifetime and performance, enhancing cleaner electric transportation and energy generation. However, most present…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-16 Iker Lopetegi , Sergio Fernandez , Gregory L. Plett , M. Scott Trimboli , Unai Iraola

Accurate estimation of the state of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH) is crucial for the safe and reliable operation of batteries. Voltage measurement bias highly affects state estimation accuracy, especially in Lithium Iron Phosphate…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-13 Baozhao Yi , Xinhao Du , Jiawei Zhang , Xiaogang Wu , Qiuhao Hu , Weiran Jiang , Xiaosong Hu , Ziyou Song

Full charge capacity (FCC) refers to the amount of energy a battery can hold. It is the fundamental property of smartphone batteries that diminishes as the battery ages and is charged/discharged. We investigate the behavior of smartphone…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2016-06-07 Mohammad A. Hoque , Matti Siekkinen , Jonghoe Koo , Sasu Tarkoma

Fast charging of lithium-ion batteries has gained extensive research interests, but most of existing methods are either based on simple rule-based charging profiles or require explicit battery models that are non-trivial to identify…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-18 Kaixiang Zhang , Kaian Chen , Xinfan Lin , Yusheng Zheng , Xunyun Yin , Xiaosong Hu , Ziyou Song , Zhaojian Li

Capacitors are ubiquitous in electronic and electrical devices. In this article, we study -- both theoretically and experimentally -- the charging and discharging of capacitors using active control of a voltage source. The energy of these…

Physics Education · Physics 2025-04-01 S. Faure , C. A. Plata , A. Prados , D. Guéry-Odelin

This paper studies control-theory-enabled intelligent charging management for battery systems in electric vehicles (EVs). Charging is crucial for the battery performance and life as well as a contributory factor to a user's confidence in or…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-09-27 Huazhen Fang , Yebin Wang

The reliability and safety of Lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) are of great concern in the energy storage industry. Nevertheless, the real-time monitoring of their degradation remains challenging due to limited quantitative metrics available…

Incremental capacity analysis (ICA) and differential voltage analysis (DVA) are two effective approaches for battery degradation monitoring. One limiting factor for their real-world application is that they require constant-current (CC)…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-12 Qinan Zhou , Gabrielle Vuylsteke , R. Dyche Anderson , Jing Sun

Accurate prediction of battery performance under various ageing conditions is necessary for reliable and stable battery operations. Due to complex battery degradation mechanisms, estimating the accurate ageing level and ageing-dependent…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-24 Tushar Desai , Riccardo M. G. Ferrari