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Context: Several companies are migrating their information systems into the Cloud. Microservices and DevOps are two of the most common adopted technologies. However, there is still a lack of understanding how to adopt a microservice-based…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-08-28 Davide Taibi , Valentina Lenarduzzi , Claus Pahl

Migration to the cloud has been a popular topic in industry and academia in recent years. Despite many benefits that the cloud presents, such as high availability and scalability, most of the on-premise application architectures are not…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2015-07-30 Armin Balalaie , Abbas Heydarnoori , Pooyan Jamshidi

Many small to large organizations have adopted the Microservices Architecture (MSA) style to develop and deliver their core businesses. Despite the popularity of MSA in the software industry, there is a limited evidence-based and thorough…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Muhammad Waseem , Peng Liang , Aakash Ahmad , Arif Ali Khan , Mojtaba Shahin , Pekka Abrahamsson , Ali Rezaei Nasab , Tommi Mikkonen

Microservices emerged as a popular architectural style over the last decade. Although microservices are designed to be self-contained, they must communicate to realize business capabilities, creating dependencies among their data and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-02 Rodrigo Laigner , Ana Carolina Almeida , Wesley K. G. Assunção , Yongluan Zhou

Human fallibility, unpredictable operating environments, and the heterogeneity of hardware devices are driving the need for software to be able to adapt as seen in the Internet of Things or telecommunication networks. Unfortunately,…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-05-17 Paul Harvey , Simon Fowler , Ornela Dardha , Simon J. Gay

As organizations increasingly transition from monolithic systems to microservices, they aim to achieve higher availability, automatic scaling, simplified infrastructure management, enhanced collaboration, and streamlined deployments.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Rita Peixoto , Filipe F. Correia , Thatiane Rosa , Eduardo Guerra , Alfredo Goldman

Distributed programs are hard to get right because they are required to be open, scalable, long-running, and tolerant to faults. In particular, the recent approaches to distributed software based on (micro-)services where different services…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2017-08-25 Ian Cassar , Adrian Francalanza , Claudio Antares Mezzina , Emilio Tuosto

To remain competitive in a fast changing environment, many companies started to migrate their legacy applications towards a Microservices architecture. Such extensive migration processes require careful planning and consideration of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-01-22 Jonas Fritzsch , Justus Bogner , Stefan Wagner , Alfred Zimmermann

Microservices have become popular in the past few years, attracting the interest of both academia and industry. Despite of its benefits, this new architectural style still poses important challenges, such as resilience, performance and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Messias Filho , Eliaquim Pimentel , Wellington Pereira , Paulo Henrique M. Maia , Mariela I. Cortés

With society's increased dependence on information communication systems, the need for dependable, trustable, robust, and secure adaptive systems becomes ever more acute. Modern autonomic message-oriented middleware platforms have stringent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Habtamu Abie , Trenton Schulz , Reijo Savola

Foundation model reliability assessment typically requires thousands of evaluation examples, making it computationally expensive and time-consuming for real-world deployment. We introduce microprobe, a novel approach that achieves…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Aayam Bansal , Ishaan Gangwani

In pervasive dynamic environments, vehicles connect to other objects to send operational data and receive updates so that vehicular applications can provide services to users on demand. Automotive systems should be self-adaptive, thereby…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-01-12 Ahmad Banijamali , Pasi Kuvaja , Markku Oivo , Pooyan Jamshidi

Common deployment models for Edge Computing are based on (composable) microservices that are offloaded to cloudlets. Runtime adaptations-in response to varying load, QoS fulfillment, mobility, etc.-are typically based on coarse-grained and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-05-24 Julien Gedeon , Martin Wagner , Karolis Skaisgiris , Florian Brandherm , Max Mühlhäuser

This paper introduces a microservices architecture for the purpose of enhancing the flexibility and performance of an airline reservation system. The architectural design incorporates Redis cache technologies, two different messaging…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Biman Barua , M. Shamim Kaiser

When faults occur in microservice applications -- as they inevitably do -- developers depend on observability data to quickly identify and diagnose the issue. To collect such data, microservices need to be instrumented and the respective…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Maria C. Borges , Sebastian Werner

Technologies for composition of loosely-coupled web services in a modular and flexible way are in high demand today. On the one hand, the services must be flexible enough to be reused in a variety of contexts. On the other hand, they must…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2016-10-28 Pavel Zaichenkov , Olga Tveretina , Alex Shafarenko

Microservice applications are created as loosely coupled application components and they leverage cloud elasticity to reduce costs and increase development speed. However, microservice applications exhibit complex interactions among…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Minxian Xu , Junhan Liao , Linfeng Wen , Huaming Wu , Kejiang Ye , Rajkumar Buyya , Chengzhong Xu

The microservice architecture is a style inspired by service-oriented computing that has recently started gaining popularity and that promises to change the way in which software is perceived, conceived and designed. In this paper, we…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-02-24 Nicola Dragoni , Ivan Lanese , Stephan Thordal Larsen , Manuel Mazzara , Ruslan Mustafin , Larisa Safina

Microservice based systems underpin modern distributed computing environments but remain vulnerable to partial failures, cascading timeouts, and inconsistent recovery behavior. Although numerous resilience and recovery patterns have been…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Muzeeb Mohammad

The dramatic development of cloud and edge computing allows for better Quality of Service (QoS) in many scenarios by deploying services on cloud and edge servers. Microservice technology is also adopted in these scenarios to decompose…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-12-23 Xiang He , Teng Wang , Lei Liu , Jianan Li , Zihang Su , Yingming Guo , Zhiying Tu , Hanchuan Xu , Zhongjie Wang