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Classical simulations of quantum systems are notoriously difficult computational problems, with conventional state vector and tensor network methods restricted to quantum systems that feature only a small number of qudits. The recently…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-28 Ben Harper , Azar C. Nakhl , Thomas Quella , Martin Sevior , Muhammad Usman

Negativity in certain quasiprobability representations is a necessary condition for a quantum computational advantage. Here we define a quasiprobability representation exhibiting this property with respect to quantum computations in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-17 Michael Zurel , Lawrence Z. Cohen , Robert Raussendorf

We present a quantum algorithm for simulating the classical dynamics of $2^n$ coupled oscillators (e.g., $2^n$ masses coupled by springs). Our approach leverages a mapping between the Schr\"odinger equation and Newton's equation for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-08 Ryan Babbush , Dominic W. Berry , Robin Kothari , Rolando D. Somma , Nathan Wiebe

Stabilizer states, which are also known as the Clifford states, have been commonly utilized in quantum information, quantum error correction, and quantum circuit simulation due to their simple mathematical structure. In this work, we apply…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-26 Jiace Sun , Lixue Cheng , Shi-Xin Zhang

Recent technological advancements show promise in leveraging quantum mechanical phenomena for computation. This brings substantial speed-ups to problems that are once considered to be intractable in the classical world. However, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-05 Shaowen Li , Yusuke Kimura , Hiroyuki Sato , Junwei Yu , Masahiro Fujita

Classical simulators play a major role in the development and benchmark of quantum algorithms and practically any software framework for quantum computation provides the option of running the algorithms on simulators. However, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-04 Gian Giacomo Guerreschi

Magic is a property of quantum states that enables universal fault-tolerant quantum computing using simple sets of gate operations. Understanding the mechanisms by which magic is created or destroyed is, therefore, a crucial step towards…

Quantum circuit simulation is paramount to the verification and optimization of quantum algorithms, and considerable research efforts have been made towards efficient simulators. While circuits often contain high-level gates such as oracles…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-06 Adam Husted Kjelstrøm , Andreas Pavlogiannis , Jaco van de Pol

The implementation and practicality of quantum algorithms highly hinge on the quality of operations within a quantum processor. Therefore, including realistic error models in quantum computing simulation platforms is crucial for testing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-12 Ahmed Abid Moueddene , Nader Khammassi , Koen Bertels , Carmen G. Almudever

A defining feature in the field of quantum computing is the potential of a quantum device to outperform its classical counterpart for a specific computational task. By now, several proposals exist showing that certain sampling problems can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-23 Rawad Mezher , Joe Ghalbouni , Joseph Dgheim , Damian Markham

Classical computers can simulate models of quantum computation with restricted input states. The identification of such states can sharpen the boundary between quantum and classical computations. Previous works describe simulable states of…

A common requirement of quantum simulations and algorithms is the preparation of complex states through sequences of 2-qubit gates. For a generic quantum state, the number of gates grows exponentially with the number of qubits, becoming…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-08 Matan Ben Dov , David Shnaiderov , Adi Makmal , Emanuele G. Dalla Torre

Quantum circuit simulators running on classical computers offer a vital platform for designing, testing, and optimizing quantum algorithms, driving innovation despite limited access to real quantum hardware. However, their scalability is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-29 Gleb Kalachev , Pavel Mosharev , Zuoheng Zou , Pavel Panteleev , Man-Hong Yung

We consider a model of quantum computation in which the set of elementary operations is limited to Clifford unitaries, the creation of the state $|0\rangle$ computational basis. In addition, we allow the creation of a one-qubit ancilla in a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-07 Sergei Bravyi , Alexei Kitaev

Current quantum simulators suffer from multiple limitations such as short coherence time, noisy operations, faulty readout and restricted qubit connectivity in some platforms. Variational quantum algorithms are the most promising approach…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-31 Chufan Lyu , Xiaoyu Tang , Junning Li , Xusheng Xu , Man-Hong Yung , Abolfazl Bayat

We introduce the concept of embedding quantum simulators, a paradigm allowing the efficient quantum computation of a class of bipartite and multipartite entanglement monotones. It consists in the suitable encoding of a simulated quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-16 R. Di Candia , B. Mejia , H. Castillo , J. S. Pedernales , J. Casanova , E. Solano

One of the main aims in the field of quantum simulation is to achieve a quantum speedup, often referred to as "quantum computational supremacy", referring to the experimental realization of a quantum device that computationally outperforms…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-04-18 J. Bermejo-Vega , D. Hangleiter , M. Schwarz , R. Raussendorf , J. Eisert

Quantum simulation is a cornerstone application of quantum computing, yet how fundamental quantum resources--entanglement and non-stabilizerness (``magic")--shape simulation fidelity remains an open question. In this work, we establish a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-16 Xiangran Zhang , Jue Xu , Qi Zhao , You Zhou

Since simulating quantum computers requires exponentially more classical resources, efficient algorithms are extremely helpful. We analyze algorithms that create single qubit and specific controlled qubit matrix representations of gates.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Eric Hsu

Recently, cat states have been used to heuristically improve the runtime of a classical simulator of quantum circuits based on the diagrammatic ZX-calculus. Here we investigate the use of cat-state injection within the quantum circuit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-20 Filipa C. R. Peres , Rafael Wagner , Ernesto F. Galvão