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Bitcoin's global success has led to the rise of blockchain, but many systems labeled as "blockchain" deviate from its core principles, adding complexity to the ecosystem. This survey addresses the need for a comprehensive review and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Badr Bellaj , Aafaf Ouaddah , Noel Crespi , Abdelatif Mezrioui , Emmanuel Bertin

Nowadays, blockchain is becoming a synonym for distributed ledger technology. However, blockchain is only one of the specializations in the field and is currently well-covered in existing literature, but mostly from a cryptographic point of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-04-27 Federico Matteo Benčić , Ivana Podnar Žarko

Given a countable model of set theory, we study the structure of its generic multiverse, the collection of its forcing extensions and ground models, ordered by inclusion. Mostowski showed that any finite poset embeds into the generic…

The integration of blockchain technology with data analytics is essential for extracting insights in the cryptocurrency space. Although academic literature on blockchain data analytics is limited, various industry solutions have emerged to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Rischan Mafrur

This research investigates the potential use of a blockchain-based Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) within an organization and compares it to conventional PKI systems. The goal is to assess the advantages and disadvantages of both approaches…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Julian Springer , Philipp Haindl

The Bitcoin digital currency appeared in 2009. Since this time, researchers and practitioners have looked under the hood of the open source Bitcoin currency, and discovered that Bitcoins Blockchain software architecture is useful for…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2017-03-20 J. Prpić

The regulatory framework of cryptocurrencies (and, in general, blockchain tokens) is of paramount importance. This framework drives nearly all key decisions in the respective business areas. In this work, a computational model is proposed…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-03-25 Elias Iosif , Klitos Christodoulou , Andreas Vlachos

Inheritance is the fundamental building block of civilization. This is the addition of wealth, knowledge and properties over time that produce the society in which we are living. Every generation does not have to start from zero and can…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-12-05 Frédéric Prost

This paper presents an annotated portfolio of projects that seek to understand and communicate the social and societal implications of blockchains, distributed ledgers and smart contracts. These complex technologies rely on human and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-12-23 Dave Murray-Rust , Chris Elsden , Bettina Nissen , Ella Tallyn , Larissa Pschetz , Chris Speed

Blockchain represents a technology for establishing a shared, immutable version of the truth between a network of participants that do not trust one another, and therefore has the potential to disrupt any financial or other industries that…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2016-11-02 Marek Laskowski , Henry M. Kim

Trust between entities in any scenario without a trusted third party is very difficult, and trust is exactly what blockchain aims to bring into the digital world with its basic features. Many applications are moving to blockchain adoption,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Stanly Wilson , Kwabena Adu-Duodu , Yinhao Li , Ellis Solaiman , Omer Rana , Rajiv Ranjan

Blockchain is a linearly linked, distributed, and very robust data structure. Originally proposed as part of the Bitcoin distributed stack, it found a number of applications in a number of fields, most notably in smart contracts, social…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-13 Georgios Drakopoulos , Michail Marountas , Xenophon Liapakis , Giannis Tzimas , Phivos Mylonas , Spyros Sioutas

We explore the origins of blockchain technologies to better understand the enduring needs they address. We identify the five key elements of a blockchain, show embodiments of these elements, and examine how these elements come together to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-10-16 Alan T. Sherman , Farid Javani , Haibin Zhang , Enis Golaszewski

Blockchains rely on economic incentives to ensure secure and decentralised operation, making incentive compatibility a core design concern. However, protocols are rarely deployed in isolation. Applications interact with the underlying…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Zeta Avarikioti , Georg Fuchsbauer , Pim Keer , Matteo Maffei , Fabian Regen

More than ten years ago the blockchain was acclaimed as the solution to overcome centralised trusted third parties for online payments. Through the years the crypto-movement changed and evolved, although decentralisation remained the core…

Electronic systems tend to simplify the tedious traditional scheme and basically focuses on the platform design and process organization. The integrity of the output of an automated system is not left behind but the possibility of internal…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-11-14 August Thio-ac , Alfred Keanu Serut , Rayn Louise Torrejos , Keenan Dave Rivo , Jessica Velasco

With the introduction of the term blockchain in 2008, its interest has been increasing in the community since the idea was coined. The reason for this interest is because it provides anonymity, security and integrity without any central…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Zuhaib Akhtar

Blockchain technology and, in particular, blockchain-based cryptocurrencies offer us information that has never been seen before in the financial world. In contrast to fiat currencies, all transactions of crypto-currencies and crypto-tokens…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2019-12-24 Yitao Li , Umar Islambekov , Cuneyt Akcora , Ekaterina Smirnova , Yulia R. Gel , Murat Kantarcioglu

The concept of smart grid has been introduced as a new vision of the conventional power grid to figure out an efficient way of integrating green and renewable energy technologies. In this way, Internet-connected smart grid, also called…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-05-14 Muhammad Baqer Mollah , Jun Zhao , Dusit Niyato , Kwok-Yan Lam , Xin Zhang , Amer M. Y. M. Ghias , Leong Hai Koh , Lei Yang

Supply chain applications operate in a multi-stakeholder setting, demanding trust, provenance, and transparency. Blockchain technology provides mechanisms to establish a decentralized infrastructure involving multiple stakeholders. Such…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-08-30 Gowri Sankar Ramachandran , Sidra Malik , Shantanu Pal , Ali Dorri , Volkan Dedeoglu , Salil Kanhere , Raja Jurdak