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Animal behavior is driven by multiple brain regions working in parallel with distinct control policies. We present a biologically plausible model of off-policy reinforcement learning in the basal ganglia, which enables learning in such an…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2022-07-05 Jack Lindsey , Ashok Litwin-Kumar

In this work we study the synchronization of Kuramoto oscillators driven by external forces in complex modular networks. The motivation is the neuronal dynamics that takes place during information processing in the neural cortex. The neuron…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2020-04-02 Carolina Arruda Moreira

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a heterogeneous autoimmune-mediated disorder affecting the central nervous system, commonly manifesting as fatigue and progressive limb impairment. This can significantly impact quality of life due to weakness or…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2024-12-02 John S. Russo , Thomas A. Shiels , Chin-Hsuan Sophie Lin , Sam E. John , David B. Grayden

Strong inhibitory input to neurons, which occurs in balanced states of neural networks, increases synaptic current fluctuations. This has led to the assumption that inhibition contributes to the high spike-firing irregularity observed in…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2021-02-19 Tomas Barta , Lubomir Kostal

Macroscopic oscillations of different brain regions show multiple phase relationships that are persistent across time and have been implicated routing information. Various cellular level mechanisms influence the network dynamics and…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2019-06-19 Gregory Dumont , Boris Gutkin

While GPT-4V(ision) impressively models both visual and textual information simultaneously, it's hallucination behavior has not been systematically assessed. To bridge this gap, we introduce a new benchmark, namely, the Bias and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Chenhang Cui , Yiyang Zhou , Xinyu Yang , Shirley Wu , Linjun Zhang , James Zou , Huaxiu Yao

The interaction between excitation and inhibition is crucial for brain computation. To understand synaptic mechanisms underlying brain function, it is important to separate excitatory and inhibitory inputs to a target neuron. In the…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2017-10-17 Songting Li , Xiaohui Zhang , Douglas Zhou , David Cai

LVLMs achieve remarkable multimodal understanding and generation but remain susceptible to hallucinations. Existing mitigation methods predominantly focus on output-level adjustments, leaving the internal mechanisms that give rise to these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Guangtao Lyu , Xinyi Cheng , Qi Liu , Chenghao Xu , Jiexi Yan , Muli Yang , Fen Fang , Cheng Deng

The minimum possible value of the average deceleration of the head of a player engaged in an impact sport such as football or hockey, as a result of an impact of his/her helmet with a surface or another player, is inversely proportional to…

Medical Physics · Physics 2022-10-05 J. B. Sokoloff

Recognition of objects from partial information presents a significant challenge for theories of vision because it requires spatial integration and extrapolation from prior knowledge. We combined neurophysiological recordings in human…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2014-09-11 Hanlin Tang , Calin Buia , Joseph Madsen , William S. Anderson , Gabriel Kreiman

Although neurons in columns of visual cortex of adult carnivores and primates share similar orientation tuning preferences, responses of nearby neurons are surprisingly sparse and temporally uncorrelated, especially in response to complex…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2019-12-04 Hongzhi You , Giacomo Indiveri , Dylan Richard Muir

Animal behaviour depends on learning to associate sensory stimuli with the desired motor command. Understanding how the brain orchestrates the necessary synaptic modifications across different brain areas has remained a longstanding puzzle.…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2018-01-03 João Sacramento , Rui Ponte Costa , Yoshua Bengio , Walter Senn

Hepatic encephalopathy is a neurological complication that affects attention and memory. Experimental animal models have been used to study hepatic Encephalopathy, the most frequent being the portacaval shunt. In order to determine learning…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2011-11-15 M. Méndez , M. Méndez-López , L. López , M. A. Aller , J. Arias , J. L. Arias

The human brain exhibits a relatively stable spatiotemporal organization that supports brain function and can be manipulated via local brain stimulation. Such perturbations to local cortical dynamics are globally integrated by distinct…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2018-01-19 Leonardo L. Gollo , James A. Roberts , Luca Cocchi

Accurate and robust recording and decoding from the central nervous system (CNS) is essential for advances in human-machine interfacing. However, technologies used to directly measure CNS activity are limited by their resolution,…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-09-19 Jaime Ibáñez , Blanka Zicher , Etienne Burdet , Stuart N. Baker , Carsten Mehring , Dario Farina

Motor systems show an overall robustness, but because they are highly nonlinear, understanding how they achieve robustness is difficult. In many rhythmic systems, robustness against perturbations involves response of both the shape and the…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2022-05-18 Yangyang Wang , Jeffrey P. Gill , Hillel J. Chiel , Peter J. Thomas

In neuronal systems, inhibition contributes to stabilizing dynamics and regulating pattern formation. Through developing mean field theories of neuronal models, using complete graph networks, inhibition is commonly viewed as one ``control…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2024-04-29 Gustavo Menesse , Osame Kinouchi

Our mysterious brain is believed to operate near a non-equilibrium point and generate critical self-organized avalanches in neuronal activity. Recent experimental evidence has revealed significant heterogeneity in both synaptic input and…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2018-07-12 Shengdun Wu , Yangsong Zhang , Yan Cui , Heng Li , Jiakang Wang , Lijun Guo , Yang Xia , Dezhong Yao , Peng Xu , Daqing Guo

In the present work, we introduce a general class of mean-field interacting nonlinear Hawkes processes modelling the reciprocal interactions between two neuronal populations, one excitatory and one inhibitory. The model incorporates two…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-05-25 Céline Duval , Eric Luçon , Christophe Pouzat

This theoretical work examines 'hallucinations' in both human cognition and large language models, comparing how each system can produce perceptions or outputs that deviate from reality. Drawing on neuroscience and machine learning…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-03-11 Sebastian Barros