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The recent trend towards Personalized Federated Learning (PFL) has garnered significant attention as it allows for the training of models that are tailored to each client while maintaining data privacy. However, current PFL techniques…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-03 Yue Wu , Shuaicheng Zhang , Wenchao Yu , Yanchi Liu , Quanquan Gu , Dawei Zhou , Haifeng Chen , Wei Cheng

Federated Learning (FL) deals with learning a central model (i.e. the server) in privacy-constrained scenarios, where data are stored on multiple devices (i.e. the clients). The central model has no direct access to the data, but only to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-03 Debora Caldarola , Massimiliano Mancini , Fabio Galasso , Marco Ciccone , Emanuele Rodolà , Barbara Caputo

Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a crucial distributed training paradigm, enabling discrete devices to collaboratively train a shared model under the coordination of a central server, while leveraging their locally stored private…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Wenhao Yuan , Xuehe Wang

Federated Learning (FL) is a novel distributed machine learning approach to leverage data from Internet of Things (IoT) devices while maintaining data privacy. However, the current FL algorithms face the challenges of non-independent and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Gang Hu , Yinglei Teng , Nan Wang , F. Richard Yu

Federated learning (FL) is a distributed learning process where the model (weights and checkpoints) is transferred to the devices that posses data rather than the classical way of transferring and aggregating the data centrally. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-15 Sudipta Paul , Poushali Sengupta , Subhankar Mishra

Federated learning (FL) is capable of performing large distributed machine learning tasks across multiple edge users by periodically aggregating trained local parameters. To address key challenges of enabling FL over a wireless fog-cloud…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Van-Dinh Nguyen , Symeon Chatzinotas , Bjorn Ottersten , Trung Q. Duong

We address the problem of federated learning (FL) where users are distributed and partitioned into clusters. This setup captures settings where different groups of users have their own objectives (learning tasks) but by aggregating their…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-06-10 Avishek Ghosh , Jichan Chung , Dong Yin , Kannan Ramchandran

Spectral clustering has emerged as one of the most effective clustering algorithms due to its superior performance. However, most existing models are designed for centralized settings, rendering them inapplicable in modern decentralized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Suyan Dai , Gan Sun , Fazeng Li , Xu Tang , Qianqian Wang , Yang Cong

Federated Learning (FL) enables the multiple participating devices to collaboratively contribute to a global neural network model while keeping the training data locally. Unlike the centralized training setting, the non-IID and imbalanced…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Moming Duan , Duo Liu , Xinyuan Ji , Renping Liu , Liang Liang , Xianzhang Chen , Yujuan Tan

In Federated Learning (FL), the distributed nature and heterogeneity of client data present both opportunities and challenges. While collaboration among clients can significantly enhance the learning process, not all collaborations are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Nazarii Tupitsa , Samuel Horváth , Martin Takáč , Eduard Gorbunov

Federated Learning (FL) is a collaborative machine learning technique to train a global model without obtaining clients' private data. The main challenges in FL are statistical diversity among clients, limited computing capability among…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Xiaofeng Liu , Yinchuan Li , Qing Wang , Xu Zhang , Yunfeng Shao , Yanhui Geng

Federated learning (FL) enables a set of distributed clients to jointly train machine learning models while preserving their local data privacy, making it attractive for applications in healthcare, finance, mobility, and smart-city systems.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Eman M. AbouNassar , Amr Elshall , Sameh Abdulah

Federated Learning (FL) is currently one of the most popular technologies in the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) due to its collaborative learning and ability to preserve client privacy. However, it faces challenges such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Thanveer Shaik , Xiaohui Tao , Lin Li , Niall Higgins , Raj Gururajan , Xujuan Zhou , Jianming Yong

Federated learning (FL) learns a model jointly from a set of participating devices without sharing each other's privately held data. The characteristics of non-i.i.d. data across the network, low device participation, high communication…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-02 Zhaonan Qu , Kaixiang Lin , Zhaojian Li , Jiayu Zhou , Zhengyuan Zhou

As a promising distributed machine learning paradigm, Federated Learning (FL) has attracted increasing attention to deal with data silo problems without compromising user privacy. By adopting the classic one-to-multi training scheme (i.e.,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Ming Hu , Peiheng Zhou , Zhihao Yue , Zhiwei Ling , Yihao Huang , Anran Li , Yang Liu , Xiang Lian , Mingsong Chen

Federated learning is an emerging distributed machine learning framework aiming at protecting data privacy. Data heterogeneity is one of the core challenges in federated learning, which could severely degrade the convergence rate and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-11-27 Feifei Wang , Huiyun Tang , Yang Li

Smart energy performance monitoring and optimisation at the supplier and consumer levels is essential to realising smart cities. In order to implement a more sustainable energy management plan, it is crucial to conduct a better energy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-04 Mohammad Al-Quraan , Ahsan Khan , Anthony Centeno , Ahmed Zoha , Muhammad Ali Imran , Lina Mohjazi

Federated learning (FL) is a promising strategy for performing privacy-preserving, distributed learning with a network of clients (i.e., edge devices). However, the data distribution among clients is often non-IID in nature, making…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-15 Matias Mendieta , Taojiannan Yang , Pu Wang , Minwoo Lee , Zhengming Ding , Chen Chen

Federated Learning (FL) is a privacy-protected machine learning paradigm that allows model to be trained directly at the edge without uploading data. One of the biggest challenges faced by FL in practical applications is the heterogeneity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-20 Zirui Zhu , Ziyi Ye

Personalized decision-making can be implemented in a Federated learning (FL) framework that can collaboratively train a decision model by extracting knowledge across intelligent clients, e.g. smartphones or enterprises. FL can mitigate the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-01 Guodong Long , Ming Xie , Tao Shen , Tianyi Zhou , Xianzhi Wang , Jing Jiang , Chengqi Zhang