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Adaptive optimization algorithms such as Adam are widely used in deep learning. The stability of such algorithms is often improved with a warmup schedule for the learning rate. Motivated by the difficulty of choosing and tuning warmup…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Jerry Ma , Denis Yarats

In the training of large language models (LLMs), updating parameters more efficiently and stably has always been an important challenge. To achieve efficient parameter updates, existing methods usually achieve performance comparable to full…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Da Chang , Yu Li , Ganzhao Yuan

RMSProp and ADAM continue to be extremely popular algorithms for training neural nets but their theoretical convergence properties have remained unclear. Further, recent work has seemed to suggest that these algorithms have worse…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-22 Soham De , Anirbit Mukherjee , Enayat Ullah

The rapid scaling of large language models (LLMs) has made low-precision training essential for reducing memory, improving efficiency, and enabling larger models and datasets. Existing convergence theories for adaptive optimizers, however,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Xuan Tang , Jichu Li , Difan Zou

In this paper, we propose a continuous-time formulation for the AdaGrad, RMSProp, and Adam optimization algorithms by modeling them as first-order integro-differential equations. We perform numerical simulations of these equations, along…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Carlos Heredia

We consider the problem of estimating the learning rate in adaptive methods, such as AdaGrad and Adam. We propose Prodigy, an algorithm that provably estimates the distance to the solution $D$, which is needed to set the learning rate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Konstantin Mishchenko , Aaron Defazio

The alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) has been applied successfully in a broad spectrum of areas. Moreover, it was shown in the literature that ADMM is closely related to the Douglas-Rachford operator-splitting method, and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-01-10 Renyuan Ni

In this work, we offer a theoretical analysis of two modern optimization techniques for training large and complex models: (i) adaptive optimization algorithms, such as Adam, and (ii) the model exponential moving average (EMA).…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Kwangjun Ahn , Ashok Cutkosky

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is an inherently sequential training algorithm--computing the gradient at batch $i$ depends on the model parameters learned from batch $i-1$. Prior approaches that break this dependence do not honor them…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-06-05 Saeed Maleki , Madan Musuvathi , Todd Mytkowicz , Olli Saarikivi , Tianju Xu , Vadim Eksarevskiy , Jaliya Ekanayake , Emad Barsoum

The Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) is a widely used method for structured convex optimization, and its practical performance depends strongly on the choice of penalty and relaxation parameters. Motivated by settings such…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-30 Junan Lin , Paul J. Goulart , Luca Furieri

Two major momentum-based techniques that have achieved tremendous success in optimization are Polyak's heavy ball method and Nesterov's accelerated gradient. A crucial step in all momentum-based methods is the choice of the momentum…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-12-21 Vishwak Srinivasan , Adepu Ravi Sankar , Vineeth N Balasubramanian

Consider composite nonconvex optimization problems where the objective function consists of a smooth nonconvex term (with Lipschitz-continuous gradient) and a convex (possibly nonsmooth) term. Existing parameter-free methods for such…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-08 Zilong Ye , Shiqian Ma , Junfeng Yang , Danqing Zhou

A number of recent adaptive optimizers improve the generalisation performance of Adam by essentially reducing the variance of adaptive stepsizes to get closer to SGD with momentum. Following the above motivation, we suppress the range of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Guoqiang Zhang

Stochastic optimizers are central to deep learning, yet widely used methods such as Adam and Adan can degrade in non-stationary or noisy environments, partly due to their reliance on momentum-based magnitude estimates. We introduce Ano, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Adrien Kegreisz

Methods with adaptive stepsizes, such as AdaGrad and Adam, are essential for training modern Deep Learning models, especially Large Language Models. Typically, the noise in the stochastic gradients is heavy-tailed for the later ones.…

This work proposes an accelerated first-order algorithm we call the Robust Momentum Method for optimizing smooth strongly convex functions. The algorithm has a single scalar parameter that can be tuned to trade off robustness to gradient…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-02-27 Saman Cyrus , Bin Hu , Bryan Van Scoy , Laurent Lessard

In reinforcement learning (RL), it is common to apply techniques used broadly in machine learning such as neural network function approximators and momentum-based optimizers. However, such tools were largely developed for supervised…

Integrating adaptive learning rate and momentum techniques into SGD leads to a large class of efficiently accelerated adaptive stochastic algorithms, such as AdaGrad, RMSProp, Adam, AccAdaGrad, \textit{etc}. In spite of their effectiveness…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Li Shen , Congliang Chen , Fangyu Zou , Zequn Jie , Ju Sun , Wei Liu

In this paper, we propose and analyze an inexact version of the symmetric proximal alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) for solving linearly constrained optimization problems. Basically, the method allows its first subproblem…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-06-05 Vando A. Adona , Max L. N. Gonçalves

Deep learning optimization relies heavily on the assumption of smooth loss landscapes, a condition systematically violated by modern architectures due to non-smooth components such as ReLU activations and quantization operators. In such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Ruoran Xu , Borong She , Xiaobo Jin , Qiufeng Wang