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Capsule networks are a neural network architecture specialized for visual scene recognition. Features and pose information are extracted from a scene and then dynamically routed through a hierarchy of vector-valued nodes called 'capsules'…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2022-10-07 Alex B. Kiefer , Beren Millidge , Alexander Tschantz , Christopher L. Buckley

Routing methods in capsule networks often learn a hierarchical relationship for capsules in successive layers, but the intra-relation between capsules in the same layer is less studied, while this intra-relation is a key factor for the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-23 Yang Li , Wei Zhao , Erik Cambria , Suhang Wang , Steffen Eger

Transformer models typically calculate attention matrices using dot products, which have limitations when capturing nonlinear relationships between embedding vectors. We propose Neural Attention, a technique that replaces dot products with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Andrew DiGiugno , Ausif Mahmood

Standard Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) can be easily fooled by images with small quasi-imperceptible artificial perturbations. As alternatives to CNNs, the recently proposed Capsule Networks (CapsNets) are shown to be more robust to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-02-22 Jindong Gu , Baoyuan Wu , Volker Tresp

The capsule network is a distinct and promising segment of the neural network family that drew attention due to its unique ability to maintain the equivariance property by preserving the spatial relationship amongst the features. The…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-17 S J Pawan , Rishi Sharma , Hemanth Sai Ram Reddy , M Vani , Jeny Rajan

Deep learning has excelled in medical image classification, but its clinical application is limited by poor interpretability. Capsule networks, known for encoding hierarchical relationships and spatial features, show potential in addressing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Xinyu Geng , Jiaming Wang , Jun Xu

In recent years, the CNNs have achieved great successes in the image processing tasks, e.g., image recognition and object detection. Unfortunately, traditional CNN's classification is found to be easily misled by increasingly complex image…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-11-12 Xingyao Zhang , Shuaiwen Leon Song , Chenhao Xie , Jing Wang , Weigong Zhang , Xin Fu

Capsule networks(CapsNet) are recently proposed neural network models with new processing layers, specifically for entity representation and discovery of images. It is well known that CapsNet have some advantages over traditional neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Daoyuan Ye , Juntao Li , Yiting Shen

Machine learning based methods achieves impressive results in object classification and detection. Utilizing representative data of the visual world during the training phase is crucial to achieve good performance with such data driven…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-02-28 Bruno Ferrarini , Shoaib Ehsan , Adrien Bartoli , Aleš Leonardis , Klaus D. McDonald-Maier

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) achieve translational invariance by using pooling operations. However, the operations do not preserve the spatial relationships in the learned representations. Hence, CNNs cannot extrapolate to various…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-01 Jindong Gu , Volker Tresp

Capsule Networks (CapsNets) is a machine learning architecture proposed to overcome some of the shortcomings of convolutional neural networks (CNNs). However, CapsNets have mainly outperformed CNNs in datasets where images are small and/or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Juan P. Vigueras-Guillén , Arijit Patra , Ola Engkvist , Frank Seeliger

Capsule networks are a type of neural network that identify image parts and form the instantiation parameters of a whole hierarchically. The goal behind the network is to perform an inverse computer graphics task, and the network parameters…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Saeid Abbassi , Kamaledin Ghiasi-Shirazi , Ahad Harati

Capsule networks are a recently proposed type of neural network shown to outperform alternatives in challenging shape recognition tasks. In capsule networks, scalar neurons are replaced with capsule vectors or matrices, whose entries…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-04 Fabio De Sousa Ribeiro , Georgios Leontidis , Stefanos Kollias

Capsule networks are a class of neural networks that achieved promising results on many computer vision tasks. However, baseline capsule networks have failed to reach state-of-the-art results on more complex datasets due to the high…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-29 Josef Gugglberger , David Peer , Antonio Rodríguez-Sánchez

The recent progress on capsule networks by Hinton et al. has generated considerable excitement in the machine learning community. The idea behind a capsule is inspired by a cortical minicolumn in the brain, whereby a vertically organised…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-02 Ashley Daniel Gritzman

In this paper, we formalize the idea behind capsule nets of using a capsule vector rather than a neuron activation to predict the label of samples. To this end, we propose to learn a group of capsule subspaces onto which an input feature…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-10-23 Liheng Zhang , Marzieh Edraki , Guo-Jun Qi

Transformer hugely benefits from its key design of the multi-head self-attention network (SAN), which extracts information from various perspectives through transforming the given input into different subspaces. However, its simple linear…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-01 Sufeng Duan , Juncheng Cao , Hai Zhao

This paper proposes a user semantic intent modeling algorithm based on Capsule Networks to address the problem of insufficient accuracy in intent recognition for human-computer interaction. The method represents semantic features in input…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Shixiao Wang , Yifan Zhuang , Runsheng Zhang , Zhijun Song

Past few years have witnessed exponential growth of interest in deep learning methodologies with rapidly improving accuracies and reduced computational complexity. In particular, architectures using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-05-11 Sai Samarth R Phaye , Apoorva Sikka , Abhinav Dhall , Deepti Bathula

A recently proposed method in deep learning groups multiple neurons to capsules such that each capsule represents an object or part of an object. Routing algorithms route the output of capsules from lower-level layers to upper-level layers.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-20 David Peer , Sebastian Stabinger , Antonio Rodriguez-Sanchez