English
Related papers

Related papers: Bayesian Nonparametric Cost-Effectiveness Analyses…

200 papers

In observational studies, unmeasured confounders present a crucial challenge in accurately estimating desired causal effects. To calculate the hazard ratio (HR) in Cox proportional hazard models for time-to-event outcomes, two-stage…

Increasingly, medical research is dependent on data collected for non-research purposes, such as electronic health records data (EHR). EHR data and other large databases can be prone to measurement error in key exposures, and unadjusted…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-05-13 Kyunghee Han , Thomas Lumley , Bryan E. Shepherd , Pamela A. Shaw

Understanding treatment effect heterogeneity is vital for scientific and policy research. However, identifying and evaluating heterogeneous treatment effects pose significant challenges due to the typically unknown subgroup structure.…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-11-05 Kwangho Kim , Jisu Kim , Larry A. Wasserman , Edward H. Kennedy

It is common practice to combine deep neural networks into ensembles. These deep ensembles can benefit from the cancellation of errors effect: Errors by ensemble members may average out, leading to better generalization performance than…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Nick Hauptvogel , Christian Igel

Dynamic assessment of mortality risk in the intensive care unit (ICU) can be used to stratify patients, inform about treatment effectiveness or serve as part of an early-warning system. Static risk scoring systems, such as APACHE or SAPS,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-11-03 Jonathan Heitz , Joanna Ficek , Martin Faltys , Tobias M. Merz , Gunnar Rätsch , Matthias Hüser

Epidemics are inherently stochastic, and stochastic models provide an appropriate way to describe and analyse such phenomena. Given temporal incidence data consisting of, for example, the number of new infections or removals in a given time…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-05-24 Sam A. Whitaker , Andrew Golightly , Colin S. Gillespie , Theodore Kypraios

We propose autoregressive Bayesian semi-parametric models for waiting times between recurrent events. The aim is two-fold: inference on the effect of possibly time-varying covariates on the gap times and clustering of individuals based on…

Applications · Statistics 2016-07-28 Marta Tallarita , Maria De Iorio , Alessandra Guglielmi , James Malone-Lee

In this article, we develop nonparametric inference methods for comparing survival data across two samples, which are beneficial for clinical trials of novel cancer therapies where long-term survival is a critical outcome. These therapies,…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-09-05 Yi-Cheng Tai , Weijing Wang , Martin T. Wells

The mean residual life function is a key functional for a survival distribution. It has a practically useful interpretation as the expected remaining lifetime given survival up to a particular time point, and it also characterizes the…

Applications · Statistics 2024-01-26 Valerie Poynor , Athanasios Kottas

Comparative meta-analyses of groups of subjects by integrating multiple observational studies rely on estimated propensity scores (PSs) to mitigate covariate imbalances. However, PS estimation grapples with the theoretical and practical…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-05-09 Subharup Guha , Yi Li

Functional concurrent, or varying-coefficient, regression models are commonly used in biomedical and clinical settings to investigate how the relation between an outcome and observed covariate varies as a function of another covariate. In…

Competing risks occur in survival analysis when multiple causes of death are present. They play a prominent role in several domains extending beyond biostatistics to encompass epidemiology, actuarial sciences, and reliability theory. This…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-30 Claudio Del Sole , Antonio Lijoi , Igor Prünster

This paper presents a novel nonlinear regression model for estimating heterogeneous treatment effects from observational data, geared specifically towards situations with small effect sizes, heterogeneous effects, and strong confounding.…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-11-14 P. Richard Hahn , Jared S. Murray , Carlos Carvalho

Nonparametric and semiparametric methods are commonly used in survival analysis to mitigate the bias due to model misspecification. However, such methods often cannot estimate upper-tail survival quantiles when a sizable proportion of the…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-07-19 Yifan Wang , Tian You , Martin Lysy

Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) ratings are widely used in studies of behavioral and psychological phenomena to capture real-time data in subjects' real-world environments. Because the data are collected repeatedly over the study…

Interference occurs when a unit's treatment (or exposure) affects another unit's outcome. In some settings, units may be grouped into clusters such that it is reasonable to assume that interference, if present, only occurs between…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-08-24 Chanhwa Lee , Donglin Zeng , Michael G. Hudgens

Understanding the factors that trigger or prevent undesirable health outcomes across patient subpopulations is essential for designing targeted interventions. While randomized controlled trials and expert-led patient interviews are standard…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Shishir Adhikari , Guido Muscioni , Mark Shapiro , Plamen Petrov , Elena Zheleva

Bayesian Deep Ensembles (BDEs) represent a powerful approach for uncertainty quantification in deep learning, combining the robustness of Deep Ensembles (DEs) with flexible multi-chain MCMC. While DEs are affordable in most deep learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Emanuel Sommer , Rickmer Schulte , Sarah Deubner , Julius Kobialka , David Rügamer

Accurate time-to-event prediction is integral to decision-making, informing medical guidelines, hiring decisions, and resource allocation. Survival analysis, the quantitative framework used to model time-to-event data, accounts for patients…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Vincent Jeanselme , Brian Tom , Jessica Barrett

We propose a novel nonparametric Bayesian approach for meta-analysis with event time outcomes. The model is an extension of linear dependent tail-free processes. The extension includes a modification to facilitate (conditionally) conjugate…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-06-25 Bernardo Flores , Peter Mueller