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Understanding the dynamics of the land-atmosphere exchange of CO$_2$ is key to advance our predictive capacities of the coupled climate-carbon feedback system. In essence, the net vegetation flux is the difference of the uptake of CO$_2$…
Significant progress in manipulating heat diffusion has been achieved with the advent of non-Hermitian physics and topology. However, previous studies on diffusive systems have primarily concentrated on isolated cases, where fields decay…
Recent studies have shown that real-valued principal component analysis can be applied to earthquake fault systems for forecasting and prediction. In addition, theoretical analysis indicates that earthquake stresses may obey a wave-like…
Usually, the dynamics of linear time-invariant systems described by an integral operator of convolution type, which is defined in the Hilbert space of Lebesgue square integrable functions on the whole line. Such a description leads to…
Climate models play a crucial role in understanding the effect of environmental and man-made changes on climate to help mitigate climate risks and inform governmental decisions. Large global climate models such as the Community Earth System…
Understanding local currents in the North Atlantic region of the ocean is a key part of modelling heat transfer and global climate patterns. Satellites provide a surface signature of the temperature of the ocean with a high horizontal…
The Earth's surface is subject to complex and dynamic processes, ranging from large-scale phenomena such as tectonic plate movements to localized changes associated with ecosystems, agriculture, or human activity. Satellite images enable…
This study investigates temporal variability in U.S. climate using harmonic decomposition techniques, specifically Fourier and wavelet transforms. Monthly temperature, precipitation, and drought index data from the National Oceanic and…
Statistical methods are required to evaluate and quantify the uncertainty in environmental processes, such as land and sea surface temperature, in a changing climate. Typically, annual harmonics are used to characterize the variation in the…
Given that observational and numerical climate data are being produced at ever more prodigious rates, increasingly sophisticated and automated analysis techniques have become essential. Deep learning is quickly becoming a standard approach…
We present a study of the structure of phase diagrams for matter-radiation systems, based on the use of coherent states and the catastrophe formalism, that compares very well with the exact quantum solutions as well as providing analytical…
The properties of inertial and kinetic range solar wind turbulence have been investigated with the arbitrary-order Hilbert spectral analysis method, applied to high-resolution density measurements. Due to the small sample size, and to the…
Weather regimes provide a useful framework for describing large-scale atmospheric variability and its impacts on regional weather. Despite extensive study, there is still no universally accepted definition or method for identifying weather…
Functional data describe a wide range of processes, such as growth curves and spectral absorption. In this study, we analyze air pollution data from the In-service Aircraft for a Global Observing System, focusing on the spatial interactions…
The motion of and interaction between phase singularities that anchor spiral waves captures many qualitative and, in some cases, quantitative features of complex dynamics in excitable systems. Being able to accurately reconstruct their…
Atmospheric regime transitions are highly impactful as drivers of extreme weather events, but pose two formidable modeling challenges: predicting the next event (weather forecasting), and characterizing the statistics of events of a given…
A web-based, interactive system for the remote processing of imaging data sets (i.e., EUV, X-ray and microwave) and the automated interactive detection of wave and oscillatory phenomena in the solar atmosphere is presented.The system…
A question of global concern regarding the sustainable future of humankind stems from the effect due to aerosols on the global climate. The quantification of atmospheric aerosols and their relationship to climatic impacts are key to…
Abstract. Detecting anomalies in patterns of sensor data is important in many practical applications, including domestic activity monitoring for Active Assisted Living (AAL). How to represent and analyse these patterns, however, remains a…
We study temporally persistent and spatially extended extreme events of temperature anomalies, i.e. heat waves and cold spells, using large deviation theory. To this end, we consider a simplified yet Earth-like general circulation model of…