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Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to revolutionize brachytherapy's clinical workflow. This review comprehensively examines the application of AI, focusing on machine learning and deep learning, in facilitating various aspects…

Medical Physics · Physics 2024-09-26 Jingchu Chen , Richard Qiu , Tonghe Wang , Shadab Momin , Xiaofeng Yang

AI systems increasingly support human decision-making. In many cases, despite the algorithm's superior performance, the final decision remains in human hands. For example, an AI may assist doctors in determining which diagnostic tests to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Gali Noti , Kate Donahue , Jon Kleinberg , Sigal Oren

We evaluated the temporal performance of a deep learning (DL) based artificial intelligence (AI) model for auto segmentation in prostate radiotherapy, seeking to correlate its efficacy with changes in clinical landscapes. Our study involved…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-17 Biling Wang , Michael Dohopolski , Ti Bai , Junjie Wu , Raquibul Hannan , Neil Desai , Aurelie Garant , Daniel Yang , Dan Nguyen , Mu-Han Lin , Robert Timmerman , Xinlei Wang , Steve Jiang

Current AI systems minimize risk by enforcing ideological neutrality, yet this may introduce automation bias by suppressing cognitive engagement in human decision-making. We conducted randomized trials with 2,500 participants to test…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Shiyang Lai , Junsol Kim , Nadav Kunievsky , Yujin Potter , James Evans

While previous studies have demonstrated the potential of AI to diagnose diseases in imaging data, clinical implementation is still lagging behind. This is partly because AI models require training with large numbers of examples only…

Biochemical recurrence (BCR) after radical prostatectomy (RP) is a surrogate marker for aggressive prostate cancer with adverse outcomes, yet current prognostic tools remain imprecise. We trained an AI-based model on diagnostic prostate…

We examined the effects of predictive AI deployment on the immediate performance and learning of medical novices. In two pre-registered field experiments, we varied whether AI input was provided during the training or practice of lung…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Vivianna Fang He , Sihan Li , Phanish Puranam , Feng Lin

Prostate cancer is a prevalent malignancy among men aged 50 and older. Current diagnostic methods primarily rely on blood tests, PSA:Prostate-Specific Antigen levels, and Digital Rectal Examinations (DRE). However, these methods suffer from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-28 Amit Mathapati

Histology-based grade classification is clinically important for many cancer types in stratifying patients distinct treatment groups. In prostate cancer, the Gleason score is a grading system used to measure the aggressiveness of prostate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-11-07 Jingwen Wang , Richard J. Chen , Ming Y. Lu , Alexander Baras , Faisal Mahmood

Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancer and one of the leading causes of death among men, with almost 1.41 million new cases and around 375,000 deaths in 2020. Artificial Intelligence algorithms have had a huge…

AI has the potential to augment human decision making. However, even high-performing models can produce inaccurate predictions when deployed. These inaccuracies, combined with automation bias, where humans overrely on AI predictions, can…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Sarah Jabbour , David Fouhey , Nikola Banovic , Stephanie D. Shepard , Ella Kazerooni , Michael W. Sjoding , Jenna Wiens

Detecting and classifying lesions in breast ultrasound images is a promising application of artificial intelligence (AI) for reducing the burden of cancer in regions with limited access to mammography. Such AI systems are more likely to be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Arianna Bunnell , Yannik Glaser , Dustin Valdez , Thomas Wolfgruber , Aleen Altamirano , Carol Zamora González , Brenda Y. Hernandez , Peter Sadowski , John A. Shepherd

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the form of an interpretable and semiautomatic approach to stage grading ocular pathologies such as Diabetic retinopathy, Hypertensive retinopathy, and other retinopathies on the backdrop of major…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-15 Ayushi Raj Bhatt , Rajkumar Vaghashiya , Meghna Kulkarni , Dr Prakash Kamaraj

Osteoporosis silently erodes skeletal integrity worldwide; however, early detection through imaging can prevent most fragility fractures. Artificial intelligence (AI) methods now mine routine Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA), X-ray,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-02 Abdul Rahman , Bumshik Lee

With recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), there has been growing interest in using state of the art (SOTA) AI solutions to provide assistance in grading handwritten answer sheets. While a few commercial products exist, the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-26 Pritam Sil , Parag Chaudhuri , Bhaskaran Raman

The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI), or more generally data-driven algorithms, has become ubiquitous in today's society. Yet, in many cases and especially when stakes are high, humans still make final decisions. The critical question,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Eli Ben-Michael , D. James Greiner , Melody Huang , Kosuke Imai , Zhichao Jiang , Sooahn Shin

As the volume and complexity of nonclinical toxicology studies continue to increase, toxicologic pathology reporting faces persistent challenges, including fragmented sources of data (e.g., histopathology images, clinical pathology and…

Artificial intelligence (AI) is being deployed within radiology at a rapid pace. AI has proven an excellent tool for reconstructing and enhancing images that appear sharper, smoother, and more detailed, can be acquired more quickly, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Jana G. Delfino , Jason L. Granstedt , Frank W. Samuelson , Robert Ochs , Krishna Juluru

This study evaluates the effectiveness of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in mitigating medical overtreatment, a significant issue characterized by unnecessary interventions that inflate healthcare costs and pose risks to patients. We…

General Economics · Economics 2024-06-05 Ziyi Wang , Lijia Wei , Lian Xue

Prostate cancer grading using the ISUP system (International Society of Urological Pathology) for treatment decisions is highly subjective and requires considerable expertise. Despite advances in computer-aided diagnosis systems, few have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Riddhasree Bhattacharyya , Surochita Pal Das , Sushmita Mitra