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Thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) can provide ancillary services to the power network by aiding existing frequency control mechanisms. TCLs are, however, characterized by an intrinsic limit cycle behavior which raises the risk that…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-10-28 Andreas Kasis , Ioannis Lestas

This paper concerns with the synchronization of infrastructure impoverished sensor networks under harsh conditions. It suggests three novel asynchronous, decentralized, energyefficient time synchronization protocols. The protocols require…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-11-06 Ramadan Abdul-Rashid , Ali Al-Shaikhi , Ahmad Masoud

This paper examines synchronization of computer clocks connected via a data network and proposes a skewless algorithm to synchronize them. Unlike existing solutions, which either estimate and compensate the frequency difference (skew) among…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2013-08-21 Enrique Mallada , Xiaoqiao Meng , Michel Hack , Li Zhang , Ao Tang

In this work we investigate time varying networks with complex dynamics at the nodes. We consider two scenarios of network change in an interval of time: first, we have the case where each link can change with probability pt, i.e. the…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2014-04-14 Ankit Kumar , Vidit Agrawal , Sudeshna Sinha

Two remote agents with synchronized clocks may use them to act in concert and communicate. This necessitates some means of creating and maintaining synchrony. One method, not requiring any direct interaction between the agents, is to expose…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-05-20 Benjamin Sorkin , Thomas A. Witten

We study the problem of clock synchronization in a networked system with arbitrary starts for all nodes. We consider a synchronous network of $n$ nodes, where each node has a local clock that is an integer counter. Eventually, clocks must…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Bernadette Charron-Bost , Louis Penet de Monterno

Many applications of cyber-physical systems require real-time communication: manufacturing, automotive, etc. Recent Ethernet standards for Time Sensitive Networking (TSN) offer time-triggered scheduling in order to guarantee low latency and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Heiko Geppert , Frank Dürr , Kurt Rothermel

Time awareness is critical to a broad range of emerging applications -- in Cyber-Physical Systems and Internet of Things -- running on commodity platforms and operating systems. Traditionally, time is synchronized across devices through a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-02-06 Amr Alanwar , Fatima M. Anwar , Joao P Hespanha , Mani Srivastava

Entanglement-based quantum networks exhibit a unique flexibility in the choice of entangled resource states that are then locally manipulated by the nodes to fulfill any request in the network. Furthermore, this manipulation is not uniquely…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-04 Maria Flors Mor-Ruiz , Julius Wallnöfer , Wolfgang Dür

Real-time networks based on Ethernet require robust quality-of-service for time-critical traffic. The Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) collection of standards enables this in real-time environments like vehicle on-board networks. Runtime…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-10-11 Tobias Haugg , Mohammad Fazel Soltani , Timo Häckel , Philipp Meyer , Franz Korf , Thomas C. Schmidt

Clock synchronization has become a key design objective in wireless networks for its essential importance in many applications. However, as the wireless link is prone to random network delays due to unreliable channel conditions, it is in…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-02-06 Osama Elnahas , Zhi Quan

Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) is a toolbox of technologies that enable deterministic communication over Ethernet. A key area has been TSN's time-aware traffic shaping (TAS), which supports stringent end-to-end latency and reliability…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Özgür Ozan Kaynak , Andreas Kassler , Andreas Fischer , Ognjen Dobrijevic , Fabio D'Andreagiovanni

In real-world networks the interactions between network elements are inherently time-delayed. These time-delays can not only slow the network but can have a destabilizing effect on the network's dynamics leading to poor performance. The…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-09-23 David Reber , Benjamin Webb

Real-time systems rely on a distributed global time base. As any physical clock device suffers from noise, it is necessary to provide some kind of clock synchronization to establish such a global time base. Different clock synchronization…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2016-09-23 Wolfgang Wallner

Accurate time synchronization is essential for Internet of Things (IoT) systems, where multiple distributed nodes must share a common time base for coordinated sensing and data fusion. However, conventional synchronization approaches suffer…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Ziyao Zhou , Tiancheng Cao , Chen Shen , Jiaqi Zhang , Yuting Liu , Hen-Wei Huang

Accurate network synchronization is a key enabler for services such as coherent transmission, cooperative decoding, and localization in distributed and cell-free networks. Unlike centralized networks, where synchronization is generally…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-03 Dieter Verbruggen , Hazem Sallouha , Sofie Pollin

In this work and the supporting Parts II [2] and III [3], we provide a rather detailed analysis of the stability and performance of asynchronous strategies for solving distributed optimization and adaptation problems over networks. We…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2014-12-17 Xiaochuan Zhao , Ali H. Sayed

In feed-forward time-sensitive networks with Deficit Round-Robin (DRR), worst-case delay bounds were obtained by combining Total Flow Analysis (TFA) with the strict service curve characterization of DRR by Tabatabaee et al. The latter is…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-07-24 Seyed Mohammadhossein Tabatabaee , Anne Bouillard , Jean-Yves Le Boudec

Data are often sampled irregularly in time. Dealing with this using Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) traditionally involved ignoring the fact, feeding the time differences as additional inputs, or resampling the data. All these methods have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Mantas Lukoševičius , Arnas Uselis

We consider both leaderless and leader-follower, possibly nonlinear, networks affected by time-varying communication delays. For such systems, we give a set of sufficient conditions that guarantee the convergence of the network towards some…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-12 Shihao Xie , Giovanni Russo