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Although modern machine learning and deep learning methods allow for complex and in-depth data analytics, the predictive models generated by these methods are often highly complex, and lack transparency. Explainable AI (XAI) methods are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-17 Mythreyi Velmurugan , Chun Ouyang , Catarina Moreira , Renuka Sindhgatta

With the advent of highly predictive but opaque deep learning models, it has become more important than ever to understand and explain the predictions of such models. Existing approaches define interpretability as the inverse of complexity…

Machine learning (ML) techniques applied to quantum many-body physics have emerged as a new research field. While the numerical power of this approach is undeniable, the most expressive ML algorithms, such as neural networks, are black…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-25 Anna Dawid , Patrick Huembeli , Michał Tomza , Maciej Lewenstein , Alexandre Dauphin

Large language models (LLMs), trained on vast datasets, encode extensive real-world knowledge within their parameters, yet their black-box nature obscures the mechanisms and extent of this encoding. Surrogate modeling, which uses simplified…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Changho Han , Songsoo Kim , Dong Won Kim , Leo Anthony Celi , Jaewoong Kim , SungA Bae , Dukyong Yoon

Explainable AI is an emerging field providing solutions for acquiring insights into automated systems' rationale. It has been put on the AI map by suggesting ways to tackle key ethical and societal issues. Existing explanation techniques…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-02 Ioannis Mollas , Nick Bassiliades , Grigorios Tsoumakas

In recent years, machine learning (ML) has become a key enabling technology for the sciences and industry. Especially through improvements in methodology, the availability of large databases and increased computational power, today's ML…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-09-27 Wojciech Samek , Klaus-Robert Müller

Deep learning has achieved remarkable success across many domains, but it has also created a growing demand for interpretability in model predictions. Although many explainable machine learning methods have been proposed, post-hoc…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Shijian Xu , Marcello Massimo Negri , Volker Roth

Supervised machine learning models boast remarkable predictive capabilities. But can you trust your model? Will it work in deployment? What else can it tell you about the world? We want models to be not only good, but interpretable. And yet…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-03-07 Zachary C. Lipton

ML model design either starts with an interpretable model or a Blackbox and explains it post hoc. Blackbox models are flexible but difficult to explain, while interpretable models are inherently explainable. Yet, interpretable models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-13 Shantanu Ghosh , Ke Yu , Forough Arabshahi , Kayhan Batmanghelich

Large scale neural models show impressive performance across a wide array of linguistic tasks. Despite this they remain, largely, black-boxes - inducing vector-representations of their input that prove difficult to interpret. This limits…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Henry Conklin , Kenny Smith

A hybrid model involves the cooperation of an interpretable model and a complex black box. At inference, any input of the hybrid model is assigned to either its interpretable or complex component based on a gating mechanism. The advantages…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-09 Julien Ferry , Gabriel Laberge , Ulrich Aïvodji

Generative models are capable of producing human-expert level content across a variety of topics and domains. As the impact of generative models grows, it is necessary to develop statistical methods to understand collections of available…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Hayden Helm , Aranyak Acharyya , Brandon Duderstadt , Youngser Park , Carey E. Priebe

We propose a model-agnostic approach for mitigating the prediction bias of a black-box decision-maker, and in particular, a human decision-maker. Our method detects in the feature space where the black-box decision-maker is biased and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-18 Tong Wang , Maytal Saar-Tsechansky

The importance of explainability in machine learning continues to grow, as both neural-network architectures and the data they model become increasingly complex. Unique challenges arise when a model's input features become high dimensional:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-21 Damien de Mijolla , Christopher Frye , Markus Kunesch , John Mansir , Ilya Feige

Machine learning algorithms enable advanced decision making in contemporary intelligent systems. Research indicates that there is a tradeoff between their model performance and explainability. Machine learning models with higher performance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-23 Lukas-Valentin Herm , Kai Heinrich , Jonas Wanner , Christian Janiesch

Missing values are a fundamental problem in data science. Many datasets have missing values that must be properly handled because the way missing values are treated can have large impact on the resulting machine learning model. In medical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-25 Zhi Chen , Sarah Tan , Urszula Chajewska , Cynthia Rudin , Rich Caruana

Predictive modeling is invaded by elastic, yet complex methods such as neural networks or ensembles (model stacking, boosting or bagging). Such methods are usually described by a large number of parameters or hyper parameters - a price that…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-03-01 Przemyslaw Biecek

Recent advancements in machine learning have emphasized the need for transparency in model predictions, particularly as interpretability diminishes when using increasingly complex architectures. In this paper, we propose leveraging…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Chenrui Zhu , Louenas Bounia , Vu Linh Nguyen , Sébastien Destercke , Arthur Hoarau

Explainability has been a challenge in AI for as long as AI has existed. With the recently increased use of AI in society, it has become more important than ever that AI systems would be able to explain the reasoning behind their results…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-09-30 Kary Främling

We propose learning flexible but interpretable functions that aggregate a variable-length set of permutation-invariant feature vectors to predict a label. We use a deep lattice network model so we can architect the model structure to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-04 Andrew Cotter , Maya Gupta , Heinrich Jiang , James Muller , Taman Narayan , Serena Wang , Tao Zhu