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A 2-covering for a finite group $G$ is a set of proper subgroups of $G$ such that every pair of elements of $G$ is contained in at least one subgroup in the set. The minimal number of subgroups needed to 2-cover a group $G$ is called the…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2026-02-02 Andrea Lucchini

A set of proper subgroups is a covering for a group if its union is the whole group. The minimal number of subgroups needed to cover $G$ is called the covering number of $G$, denoted by $\sigma(G)$. Determining $\sigma(G)$ is an open…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2014-09-09 Luise-Charlotte Kappe , Daniela Nikolova-Popova , Eric Swartz

A primary covering of a finite group $G$ is a family of proper subgroups of $G$ whose union contains the set of elements of $G$ having order a prime power. We denote with $\sigma_0(G)$ the smallest size of a primary covering of $G$, and…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2021-04-05 Francesco Fumagalli , Martino Garonzi

We describe the structure of finite Boolean inverse monoids and apply our results to the representation theory of finite inverse semigroups. We then generalize to semisimple Boolean inverse semigroups.

Category Theory · Mathematics 2021-02-26 Mark V. Lawson

The covering number of a group $G$, denoted by $\sigma(G)$, is the size of a minimal collection of proper subgroups of $G$ whose union is $G$. We investigate which integers are covering numbers of groups. We determine which integers $129$…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2018-11-30 Martino Garonzi , Luise-Charlotte Kappe , Eric Swartz

A \emph{finite cover} of a group $G$ is a finite collection $\mathcal{C}$ of proper subgroups of $G$ with the property that $\bigcup \mathcal{C} = G$. A finite group admits a finite cover if and only if it is noncyclic. More generally, it…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2021-09-21 Michael Epstein

An irredundant cover of a finite group $G$ is a collection of proper subgroups whose union is $G$ and which contains no smaller subcover. We classify finite groups which possess exactly two irredundant covers, thereby initiating an answer…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2022-06-22 Jonathan Cohen , Kyle Rosengartner

We introduce the inverse monoid of inner partial automorphisms of a semigroup -- a tool that associates to every semigroup an inverse semigroup. When the semigroup is a group, this inverse semigroup is isomorphic to the group of inner…

The partial automorphism monoid of an inverse semigroup is an inverse monoid consisting of all isomorphisms between its inverse subsemigroups. We prove that a tightly connected fundamental inverse semigroup $S$ with no isolated nontrivial…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2011-07-26 Simon M. Goberstein

The index of a subgroup of a group counts the number of cosets of that subgroup. A subgroup of finite index often shares structural properties with the group, and the existence of a subgroup of finite index with some particular property can…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2016-08-16 Amal AlAli , N. D. Gilbert

We describe and count the maximal subsemigroups of many well-known monoids of transformations and monoids of partitions. More precisely, we find the maximal subsemigroups of the full spectrum of monoids of order- or orientation-preserving…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2019-11-13 James East , Jitender Kumar , James D. Mitchell , Wilf A. Wilson

We introduce the notion of semigroup with a tight ideal series and investigate their closures in semitopological semigroups, particularly inverse semigroups with continuous inversion. As a corollary we show that the symmetric inverse…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2009-03-19 Oleg Gutik , Jimmie Lawson , Dušan Repovš

For a finite non cyclic group $G$, let $\gamma(G)$ be the smallest integer $k$ such that $G$ contains $k$ proper subgroups $H_1,\dots,H_k$ with the property that every element of $G$ is contained in $H_i^g$ for some $i \in \{1,\dots,k\}$…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2013-10-08 Andrea Lucchini , Martino Garonzi

In this short note, we show that the number of monogenic submonoids of the full transformation monoid of degree $n$ for $n > 0$, equals the sum of the number of cyclic subgroups of the symmetric groups on $1$ to $n$ points. We also prove an…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2023-05-15 L. Elliott , A. Levine , J. D. Mitchell

Given a finite non-cyclic group $G$, call $\sigma(G)$ the least number of proper subgroups of $G$ needed to cover $G$. In this paper we give lower and upper bounds for $\sigma(G)$ for $G$ a group with a unique minimal normal subgroup $N$…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2012-11-26 Martino Garonzi

If a group $G$ is the union of proper subgroups $H_1, \dots, H_k$, we say that the collection $\{H_1, \dots H_k \}$ is a cover of $G$, and the size of a minimal cover (supposing one exists) is the covering number of $G$, denoted…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2016-02-04 Eric Swartz

A numerical semigroup $S$ is coated with odd elements (Coe-semigroup), if $\left\{x-1, x+1\right\}\subseteq S$ for all odd element $x$ in $S$. In this note, we will study this kind of numerical semigroups. In particular, we are interested…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2024-07-25 J. C. Rosales , M. B. Branco , M. A. Traesel

We continue the study of permutations of a finite regular semigroup that map each element to one of its inverses, providing a complete description in the case of semigroups whose idempotent generated subsemigroup is a union of groups. We…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2019-02-11 Peter M. Higgins

A generalized numerical semigroup is a submonoid $S$ of $\mathbb{N}^d$ with finite complement in it. We characterize isomorphisms between these monoids in terms of permutation of coordinates. Considering the equivalence relation that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-05-06 Carmelo Cisto , Gioia Failla , Francesco Navarra

The main aim of this work is to introduce and justify the study of semi-covarities. A {\it semi-covariety} is a non-empty family $\mathcal{F}$ of numerical semigroups such that it is closed under finite intersections, has a minimum,…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2024-08-08 M. A. Moreno-Frías , J. C. Rosales
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