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This paper studies reinforcement learning (RL) under malicious falsification on cost signals and introduces a quantitative framework of attack models to understand the vulnerabilities of RL. Focusing on $Q$-learning, we show that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-20 Yunhan Huang , Quanyan Zhu

In this work, we study the deception of a Linear-Quadratic-Gaussian (LQG) agent by manipulating the cost signals. We show that a small falsification of the cost parameters will only lead to a bounded change in the optimal policy. The bound…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-08 Yunhan Huang , Quanyan Zhu

We study a security threat to reinforcement learning where an attacker poisons the learning environment to force the agent into executing a target policy chosen by the attacker. As a victim, we consider RL agents whose objective is to find…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-20 Amin Rakhsha , Goran Radanovic , Rati Devidze , Xiaojin Zhu , Adish Singla

Despite the successful application of machine learning (ML) in a wide range of domains, adaptability---the very property that makes machine learning desirable---can be exploited by adversaries to contaminate training and evade…

We study a security threat to reinforcement learning where an attacker poisons the learning environment to force the agent into executing a target policy chosen by the attacker. As a victim, we consider RL agents whose objective is to find…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-24 Amin Rakhsha , Goran Radanovic , Rati Devidze , Xiaojin Zhu , Adish Singla

Recent studies have demonstrated that reinforcement learning (RL) agents are susceptible to adversarial manipulation, similar to vulnerabilities previously demonstrated in the supervised learning setting. While most existing work studies…

Deep Reinforcement Learning (RL) agents are susceptible to adversarial noise in their observations that can mislead their policies and decrease their performance. However, an adversary may be interested not only in decreasing the reward,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Dennis Gross , Thiago D. Simao , Nils Jansen , Guillermo A. Perez

Recent developments have established the vulnerability of deep Reinforcement Learning (RL) to policy manipulation attacks via adversarial perturbations. In this paper, we investigate the robustness and resilience of deep RL to training-time…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-12-29 Vahid Behzadan , Arslan Munir

This paper proposes adversarial attacks for Reinforcement Learning (RL) and then improves the robustness of Deep Reinforcement Learning algorithms (DRL) to parameter uncertainties with the help of these attacks. We show that even a naively…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-12-12 Anay Pattanaik , Zhenyi Tang , Shuijing Liu , Gautham Bommannan , Girish Chowdhary

Reinforcement learning (RL) has achieved phenomenal success in various domains. However, its data-driven nature also introduces new vulnerabilities that can be exploited by malicious opponents. Recent work shows that a well-trained RL agent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Xiaolin Sun , Zizhan Zheng

Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms have led to recent successes in solving complex games, such as Atari or Starcraft, and to a huge impact in real-world applications, such as cybersecurity or autonomous driving. In the side of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-15 Rubén Majadas , Javier García , Fernando Fernández

To understand the security threats to reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms, this paper studies poisoning attacks to manipulate \emph{any} order-optimal learning algorithm towards a targeted policy in episodic RL and examines the potential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-30 Anshuka Rangi , Haifeng Xu , Long Tran-Thanh , Massimo Franceschetti

In several reinforcement learning (RL) scenarios, mainly in security settings, there may be adversaries trying to interfere with the reward generating process. In this paper, we introduce Threatened Markov Decision Processes (TMDPs), which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-28 Victor Gallego , Roi Naveiro , David Rios Insua

Large scale optimisation of quantum circuits is a computationally challenging problem. Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a recent approach for learning strategies to optimise quantum circuits by increasing the reward of an optimisation agent.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-22 Ioana Moflic , Alexandru Paler

Reinforcement learning (RL) for the Markov Decision Process (MDP) has emerged in many security-related applications, such as autonomous driving, financial decisions, and drone/robot algorithms. In order to improve the robustness/defense of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Ziqing Lu , Lifeng Lai , Weiyu Xu

Deep learning models are vulnerable to external attacks. In this paper, we propose a Reinforcement Learning (RL) based approach to generate adversarial examples for the pre-trained (target) models. We assume a semi black-box setting where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-15 Mandar Kulkarni

Reinforcement Learning (RL), one of the core paradigms in machine learning, learns to make decisions based on real-world experiences. This approach has significantly advanced AI applications across various domains, notably in smart grid…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Zheyu Zhang

We study the robustness of reinforcement learning (RL) with adversarially perturbed state observations, which aligns with the setting of many adversarial attacks to deep reinforcement learning (DRL) and is also important for rolling out…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-22 Huan Zhang , Hongge Chen , Duane Boning , Cho-Jui Hsieh

We study the problem of learning-based attacks in linear systems, where the communication channel between the controller and the plant can be hijacked by a malicious attacker. We assume the attacker learns the dynamics of the system from…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-05-21 Anshuka Rangi , Mohammad Javad Khojasteh , Massimo Franceschetti

In the current era of quantum computing, robust and efficient tools are essential to bridge the gap between simulations and quantum hardware execution. In this work, we introduce a machine learning approach to characterize the noise…

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