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By providing mathematical estimates, this paper answers a fundamental question -- "what leads to Stokes drift"? Although overwhelmingly understood for water waves, Stokes drift is a generic mechanism that stems from kinematics and occurs in…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2024-02-27 Anirban Guha , Akanksha Gupta

Periodic water waves generate Stokes drift as manifest from the orbits of Lagrangian particles not fully closing. Stokes drift can contribute to the transport of floating marine litter, including plastic. Previously, marine litter objects…

In periodic wave motion, particles beneath the wave undergo a drift in the direction of wave propagation, a phenomenon known as Stokes drift. While extensive research has been conducted on Stokes drift in water wave flows, its counterpart…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-07-18 Luiz P. Palacio , Marcelo V. Flamarion , Tao Gao , Roberto Ribeiro-Jr

Finite-amplitude gravity waves at the air-water interface induce net fluid and particle transport, known as Stokes drift. While this mechanism is well understood for steady waves, transport under unsteady, evolving conditions remains poorly…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2026-04-29 Tatsuo Izawa , Giulio Foggi Rota , Alessandro Chiarini , Marco Edoardo Rosti

We study the effect of surface gravity waves on the motion of inertial particles in an incompressible fluid. Using the multiple-scale technique, we perform an analytical calculation which allows us to predict the dynamics of such particles;…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2013-01-25 G. Boffetta , M. Martins Afonso , A. Mazzino , M. Onorato , F. Santamaria

Here we show that the distribution of internal gravity waves energy over a patch of seabed corrugations strongly depends on the "distance" of the patch to adjacent seafloor features. Specifically, we consider the energy distribution over a…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2017-08-02 F. Karimpour , A. Zareei , M. -R. Alam

We show that monochromatic long-crested corrugations on an otherwise flat seafloor can coherently scatter the energy of an oblique incident internal wave to multiple multi-directional higher-mode waves via a series of resonant interactions.…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2017-11-22 Louis-Alexandre Couston , Yong Liang , Mohammad-Reza Alam

The particle trajectories in irrotational, incompressible and inviscid deep-water surface gravity waves are open, leading to a net drift in the direction of wave propagation commonly referred to as the Stokes Drift, which is responsible for…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2024-09-11 Aidan Blaser , Raphaël Benamran , A. Bia Villas Bôas , Luc Lenain , Nick Pizzo

When a vortex refracts surface waves, the momentum flux carried by the waves changes direction and the waves induce a reaction force on the vortex. We study experimentally the resulting vortex distortion. Incoming surface gravity waves…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2017-09-27 T. Humbert , S. Aumaître , B. Gallet

In this paper, we study Bragg resonance, i.e. the triad interaction between surface and/or interfacial waves with bottom ripple, in presence of background velocity. We show that when one of the constituent waves of the triad has negative…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2019-09-04 Raunak Raj , Anirban Guha

Irrotational and monochromatic surface gravity waves possess a mean Lagrangian drift which transports mass and enhances mixing in the upper ocean. In the ocean, where many surface waves are present, it is commonly assumed that the mean…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2026-05-20 Aidan Blaser , Luc Lenain , Nick Pizzo

Classical Stokes' drift is the small time-averaged drift velocity of suspended non-diffusing particles in a fluid due to the presence of a wave. We consider the effect of adding diffusion to the motion of the particles, and show in…

Classical Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 Kalvis M. Jansons , G. D. Lythe

The recent analytical of multi-layer analyses proposed by Sajjadi, Hunt and Drullion (2014) (SHD14) is solved numerically for atmospheric turbulent shear fows blowing over unsteady Stokes water waves, of low to moderate steepness. It is…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2017-04-10 Shahrdad G. Sajjadi , Sarena Robertson , Rebecca Harvey , Mary Brown

We show that significant water wave amplification is obtained in a water resonator consisting of two spatially separated patches of small-amplitude sinusoidal corrugations on an otherwise flat seabed. The corrugations reflect the incident…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2020-04-22 Louis-Alexandre Couston , Qiuchen Guo , Maysamreza Chamanzar , Mohammad-Reza Alam

The standard resonance conditions for Bragg scattering as well as weakly nonlinear wave triads have been traditionally derived in the absence of any background velocity. In this paper, we have studied how these resonance conditions get…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2019-05-01 Raunak Raj , Anirban Guha

The goal of this work is to investigate particle motions beneath unidirectional, deep-water waves up to the third-order in nonlinearity. A particular focus is on the approximation known as Stokes drift, and how it relates to the particle…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2026-04-22 Raphael Stuhlmeier

A scroll wave in a very thin layer of excitable medium is similar to a spiral wave, but its behaviour is affected by the layer geometry. We identify the effect of sharp variations of the layer thickness, which is separate from filament…

Pattern Formation and Solitons · Physics 2015-02-13 I. V. Biktasheva , H. Dierckx , V. N. Biktashev

Stokes drift has been as central to the history of wave theory as it has been distressingly absent from experiment. Neither wave tanks nor experiments in open bodies detect this without nearly canceling "eulerian flows." Acoustic waves have…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2015-12-15 Clifford Chafin

We investigate the all-penetrating drift velocities, due to surface wave motion in an effectively inviscid fluid that overlies a saturated porous bed of finite depth. Previous work in this area either neglects the large-scale flow between…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-08-05 Joseph J. Webber , Herbert E. Huppert

Stokes drift is a classical fluid effect in which travelling waves transfer momentum to tracers of the fluid, resulting in a non-zero drift velocity in the direction of the incoming wave. This effect is the driving mechanism allowing…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2023-06-21 Umberto Giuriato , Giorgio Krstulovic , Miguel Onorato , Davide Proment
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