Related papers: Gravitational Lensing in a Model of Nonlinear Elec…
We present a framework that reformulates gravitational lensing as an optical phenomenon governed by an effective refractive index, enabling exploration of modified gravity theories using undergraduate-level mathematics and optics. After…
A model of nonlinear electrodynamics with the Lagrangian density ${\cal L} = -(1/\beta)\arcsin(\beta F_{\mu\nu}F^{\mu\nu}/4)$ is proposed. The scale invariance and the dual invariance of electromagnetic fields are broken in the model. In…
We study the influence of the spacetime noncommutative parameter on the strong field gravitational lensing in the noncommutative Reissner-Nordstr\"{o}m black-hole spacetime. Supposing that the gravitational field of the supermassive central…
We consider the bending of light by nonlinear electrodynamics when the magnetic field $B$ exceeds the critical value $B_{\rm c}$. Using the index of refraction derived from the analytic series representation in one-loop effective action of…
This work investigates additional gravitational features of a newly proposed black hole spacetime within Kalb-Ramond gravity, incorporating non-commutative corrections arising from a gauge-theoretic approach recently introduced in the…
We study the gravitational Faraday rotation, on linearly polarized light rays emitted by a pulsar, orbiting another compact object. We relate the rotation angle to the orbital phase of the emitting pulsar, as well as to other parameters…
By using the comoving distance, we derive an analytic expression for the optical depth of gravitational lensing, which depends on the redshift to the source and the cosmological model characterized by the cosmic mass density parameter…
In general relativity, Maxwell's equations are embedded in curved spacetime through the minimal prescription, but this could change if strong-gravity modifications are present. We show that with a nonminimal coupling between gravity and a…
We investigate gravitational lensing and particle motions around non-asymptotically flat black hole spacetime in non-linear, ghost-free massive gravity theory, called de Rham-Gabadadze-Tolley (dRGT) massive gravity. Deflection angle…
We extend the Wald solution to a black hole that is also boosted. More specifically, we derive analytic solutions for the Maxwell equations for a rotating black hole moving at constant speed in an asymptotically uniform magnetic test field.…
Charged and/or rotating black holes in General Relativity feature Cauchy horizons, which indicate a breakdown of predictability in the theory. Focusing on spherically symmetric charged black holes, we remark that the inevitability of…
In this review, various researches on finding the bending angle of light deflected by a massive gravitating object which regard the Gauss-Bonnet theorem as the premise have been revised. Primarily, the Gibbons and Werner method is studied…
Beyond the Newtonian approximation, gravitational fields in general relativity can be described using a formalism known as gravitoelectromagnetism. In this formalism a vector potential, the gravitomagnetic potential, arises as a result of…
We extend a previous phenomenological analysis of photon lensing in an external gravitational background to the case of a massless neutrino, and propose a method to incorporate radiative effects in the classical lens equations of neutrinos…
Gravitational lensing and black hole shadows are one of the strongest observational evidences to prove the existence of black holes in the universe. The gravitational lensing arises due to the deflection of light by the gravitational field…
We investigate gravitational lensing in the context of the MOG modified theory of gravity. Using a formulation of the theory with no adjustable or fitted parameters, we present the MOG equations of motion for slow, nonrelativistic test…
We investigate a static, spherically symmetric black hole solution arising from Einstein gravity coupled to a confining nonlinear electrodynamics model that reproduces Maxwell theory in the strong-field regime while introducing…
Using a recently found black hole solution in the framework of the Poincar{\'e} gauge theory of gravity, we study gravitational lensing for a system where the lens is a static spherically symmetric black hole. By analyzing the equations of…
The null geodesics around the charged black hole spacetimes are investigated in the mimetic gravity framework when Einstein's gravity is coupled to a nonlinear electromagnetic field. The photon paths in nonlinear electrodynamics are…
In this paper we study the gravitational lensing effect for the Schwarzschild solution with holonomy corrections. We use two types of approximation methods to calculate the deflection angle, namely the weak and strong field limits. For the…