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Non-stationarity of the rate or variance of events is a well-known problem in the description and analysis of time series of events, such as neuronal spike trains. A multiple filter test (MFT) for rate homogeneity has been proposed earlier…

Applications · Statistics 2018-10-03 Stefan Albert , Michael Messer , Julia Schiemann , Jochen Roeper , Gaby Schneider

Analyzing data from multiple sources offers valuable opportunities to improve the estimation efficiency of causal estimands. However, this analysis also poses many challenges due to population heterogeneity and data privacy constraints.…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-23 Rong Zhao , Jason Falvey , Xu Shi , Vernon M. Chinchilli , Chixiang Chen

The identification of surrogate markers is motivated by their potential to make decisions sooner about a treatment effect. However, few methods have been developed to actually use a surrogate marker to test for a treatment effect in a…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-09-17 Layla Parast , Jay Bartroff

Contemporary applications, such as recommendation systems and mobile health monitoring, require real-time processing and analysis of sequentially arriving high-dimensional tensor data. Traditional offline learning, involving the storage and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-16 Xin Wen , Will Wei Sun , Yichen Zhang

Robust estimation of heterogeneous treatment effects is a fundamental challenge for optimal decision-making in domains ranging from personalized medicine to educational policy. In recent years, predictive machine learning has emerged as a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-23 Maximilian Schuessler , Erik Sverdrup , Robert Tibshirani

Mediation analysis is a useful tool to evaluate surrogate endpoints in clinical trials. We propose a novel method, the M-survival learner, for estimating heterogeneous indirect treatment effects in the presence of censored outcomes. The…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-16 Xingyu Li , Qing Liu , Xun Jiang , Hong Amy Xia , Brian P. Hobbs , Peng Wei

Difference-in-differences is a popular method for observational health policy evaluation. It relies on a causal assumption that in the absence of intervention, treatment groups' outcomes would have evolved in parallel to those of comparison…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-09 Alyssa Bilinski , Laura A. Hatfield

Heterogeneous treatment effects (HTE) based on patients' genetic or clinical factors are of significant interest to precision medicine. Simultaneously modeling HTE and corresponding main effects for randomized clinical trials with…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-02-06 Heng Chen , Michael L. LeBlanc , James Y. Dai

We describe group sequential tests which efficiently incorporate information from multiple endpoints allowing for early stopping at pre-planned interim analyses. We formulate a testing procedure where several outcomes are examined, and…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-05-09 Abigail J. Burdon , Thomas Jaki

Estimating heterogeneous treatment effect (HTE) for survival outcomes has gained increasing attention, as it captures the variation in treatment efficacy across patients or subgroups in delaying disease progression. However, most existing…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-11-27 Na Bo , Ying Ding

Standard A/B tests in online experiments face statistical power challenges when testing multiple candidates simultaneously, while adaptive experimental designs (AED) alone fall short in inferring experiment statistics such as the average…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Qining Zhang , Tanner Fiez , Yi Liu , Wenyang Liu

The randomized controlled trial (RCT) is the gold standard for estimating the average treatment effect (ATE) of a medical intervention but requires 100s-1000s of subjects, making it expensive and difficult to implement. While a cross-over…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-10 Sayeri Lala , Niraj K. Jha

Large-scale modern data often involves estimation and testing for high-dimensional unknown parameters. It is desirable to identify the sparse signals, ``the needles in the haystack'', with accuracy and false discovery control. However, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-08 Junhui Cai , Xu Han , Ya'acov Ritov , Linda Zhao

In this paper we study the problems of estimating heterogeneity in causal effects in experimental or observational studies and conducting inference about the magnitude of the differences in treatment effects across subsets of the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-08 Susan Athey , Guido Imbens

We propose the online machine learning for big data analysis with heterogeneity. We performed an experiment to compare the accuracy of each iteration between batch one and online one. It is possible to converge quickly with the same…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-20 Kazuki Seshimo , Ota Akira , Nishio Daichi , Yamane Satoshi

We consider a randomized controlled trial between two groups. The objective is to identify a population with characteristics such that the test therapy is more effective than the control therapy. Such a population is called a subgroup. This…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-12-06 Shintaro Yuki , Kensuke Tanioka , Hiroshi Yadohisa

Quantifying the heterogeneity of treatment effect is important for understanding how a commercial product or medical treatment affects different population subgroups. While much of treatment effect heterogeneity analysis focuses on the…

Methods for estimating heterogeneous treatment effect in observational data have largely focused on continuous or binary outcomes, and have been relatively less vetted with survival outcomes. Using flexible machine learning methods in the…

Applications · Statistics 2021-07-09 Liangyuan Hu , Jiayi Ji , Fan Li

Estimation of heterogeneous treatment effects is an essential component of precision medicine. Model and algorithm-based methods have been developed within the causal inference framework to achieve valid estimation and inference. Existing…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-05-10 Ruohong Li , Honglang Wang , Wanzhu Tu

This paper proposes new nonparametric diagnostic tools to assess the asymptotic validity of different treatment effects estimators that rely on the correct specification of the propensity score. We derive a particular restriction relating…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-02-11 Pedro H. C. Sant'Anna , Xiaojun Song