Related papers: Optimal topological generators of $U(1)$

We prove that for each positive integer $N$ the set of smooth, zero degree maps $\psi\colon\mathbb{S}^2\to \mathbb{S}^2$ which have the following three properties: (1) there is a unique minimizing harmonic map $u\colon \mathbb{B}^3\to…

For every nonnegative integer $n$, let $r_F(n)$ be the number of ways to write $n$ as a sum of Fibonacci numbers, where the order of the summands does not matter. Moreover, for all positive integers $p$ and $N$, let \begin{equation*}…

Let the sequence $\{t_n\}_{n=1}^{\infty}$ of reals satisfy the condition $ \frac{t_{n+1}}{t_n} \ge 1+ \frac{\gamma}{n^\beta},0\le \beta <1, \gamma >0. $ Then the set $ \{\alpha \in [0,1]: \exists \varkappa > 0 \forall n \in \mathbb{N} ||t_n…

Let $\Bbb Z$ and $\Bbb Z^+$ be the set of integers and the set of positive integers, respectively. For $a,b,c,d,n\in\Bbb Z^+$ let $t(a,b,c,d;n)$ be the number of representations of $n$ by $ax(x+1)/2+by(y+1)/2+cz(z+1)/2+dw(w+1)/2$…

Combining McShane's identity on a hyperbolic punctured torus with Schmutz's work on the Markov Uniqueness Conjecture (MUC), we find that MUC is equivalent to the identity \begin{equation} \sum_{n=1}^\infty \, \left( 3- L_n \right) \, = \, 4…

We give a simple recursion for the minimal generators $G=\{g_i\}$ of the generic value set $\Lambda_{gen}$ of a plane curve germ $C$ with a two-generator semigroup $\Gamma \langle p, m \rangle$. The main result provides for explicit…

Lehmer's totient problem asks whether there exists any composite number $n$ such that $\varphi(n) \, \mid \, (n-1)$, where $\varphi$ is Euler totient function. It is known that if any such $n$ exists, it must be Carmichael and $n >…

A beautiful theorem of Zeckendorf states that every integer can be written uniquely as a sum of non-consecutive Fibonacci numbers $\{F_n\}_{n=1}^{\infty}$. Lekkerkerker proved that the average number of summands for integers in $[F_n,…

Let $G=(V,E)$ be a complete $n$-vertex graph with distinct positive edge weights. We prove that for $k\in\{1,2,...,n-1\}$, the set consisting of the edges of all minimum spanning trees (MSTs) over induced subgraphs of $G$ with $n-k+1$…

The classical Cauchy-Davenport theorem implies the lower bound n+1 for the number of distinct subsums that can be formed from a sequence of n elements of the cyclic group Z_p (when p is prime and n<p). We generalize this theorem to a…

In this work, we studied various properties of arithmetic function $\tilde{\varphi}$, where $\tilde{\varphi}(n)=|\{m\in \mathbb{N} | 1\le m\le n, (m,n)=1, \mbox{$m$ is not a prime}\}|.$

Let $\mathcal{P}$ denote the set of all primes. $P_{1},P_{2},P_{3}$ are three subsets of $\mathcal{P}$. Let $\underline{\delta}(P_{i})$ $(i=1,2,3)$ denote the lower density of $P_{i}$ in $\mathcal{P}$, respectively. It is proved that if…

We show that for every $N\ge 3$ the free unitary group $U^+_N$ is topologically generated by its classical counterpart $U_N$ and the lower-rank $U^+_{N-1}$. This allows for a uniform inductive proof that a number of finiteness properties,…

Inspired by Lehmer's and Deaconescu's conjectures, as well as various analogue problems concerning Euler's totient function $\varphi(n)$, Schemmel's totient function $S_{2}(n)$, Jordan totient function $J_k$, and the unitary totient…

Let $p_1=2, p_2=3, p_3=5, \ldots$ be the consecutive prime numbers, $S_n$ the numerical semigroup generated by the primes not less than $p_n$ and $u_n$ the largest irredundant generator of $S_n$. We will show, that $\bullet$ $u_n\sim3p_n$.…

The Mertens function, $M(x) := \sum_{n \leq x} \mu(n)$, is defined as the summatory function of the classical M\"obius function. The Dirichlet inverse function $g(n) := (\omega+1)^{-1}(n)$ is defined in terms of the shifted strongly…

Let $\alpha=(1+\sqrt 5)/2$, the golden ratio, and $\beta=-1/\alpha=(1 - \sqrt 5)/2$. Let $F_n$ and $L_n$ be the Fibonacci and Lucas numbers, defined by $F_n=(\alpha^n -\beta^n)/\sqrt 5$ and $L_n=\alpha^n + \beta^n$, for all non-negative…

Sarnak's Density Conjecture is an explicit bound on the multiplicities of non-tempered representations in a sequence of cocompact congruence arithmetic lattices in a semisimple Lie group, which is motivated by the work of Sarnak and Xue.…

The connective constant $\mu(G)$ of a graph $G$ is the exponential growth rate of the number of self-avoiding walks starting at a given vertex. We investigate the validity of the inequality $\mu \ge \phi$ for infinite, transitive, simple,…

Let $\mathcal{M}(X,\mathcal{A})$ be the ring of all real valued measurable functions defined over the measurable space $(X,\mathcal{A})$. Given an ideal $I$ in $\mathcal{M}(X,\mathcal{A})$ and a measure $\mu:\mathcal{A}\to[0,\infty]$, we…