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Next generation detectors, such as LISA, LGWA, and ET will, for the first time, probe the high redshift Universe, offering unique insight into the birth, growth, and dynamics of the first black holes (BHs) during their earliest stages…

Gravitational-wave astronomy provides a unique new way to study the expansion history of the Universe. In this work, we investigate the impact future gravitational-wave observatories will have on cosmology. Third-generation observatories…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-03-03 Zhi-Qiang You , Xing-Jiang Zhu , Gregory Ashton , Eric Thrane , Zong-Hong Zhu

We investigate the capability of constraining the mass and redshift distributions of binary black hole systems jointly with the underlying cosmological model using one year of observations of the Einstein Telescope. To this aim, we fixed…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-06-18 Matteo Califano , Ivan De Martino , Daniele Vernieri

Gravitational waves (GW), emanating from binary black holes (BBH), encode vital information about their source. GW signals enable us to deduce key properties of the BBH population across the universe, including mass, spin, and eccentricity…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-10-08 Muhammad Zeeshan , Richard O'Shaughnessy

Astrophysical scenarios for the formation and evolution of intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) in the mass range $10^2 M_\odot \lesssim M \lesssim 10^6 M_\odot$ remain uncertain, but future ground-based gravitational-wave (GW)…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-11-12 Luca Reali , Roberto Cotesta , Andrea Antonelli , Konstantinos Kritos , Vladimir Strokov , Emanuele Berti

We describe a Bayesian approach to estimating quasar black hole mass functions (BHMF) when using the broad emission lines to estimate black hole mass. We show how using the broad line mass estimates in combination with statistical…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-02-11 Brandon C. Kelly , Marianne Vestergaard , Xiaohui Fan

We explore the precision with which the Einstein Telescope (ET) will be able to measure the parameters of intermediate-mass-ratio inspirals (IMRIs). We calculate the parameter estimation errors using the Fisher Matrix formalism and present…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-03-17 E. A. Huerta , Jonathan R. Gair

We consider stellar-origin black hole binaries, which are among the main astrophysical sources for next generation gravitational wave (GW) detectors such as the Einstein Telescope (ET) and Cosmic Explorer (CE). Using population models…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-11-23 Mauro Pieroni , Angelo Ricciardone , Enrico Barausse

Primordial black holes (PBHs) are compact objects proposed to have formed in the early Universe from the collapse of small-scale over-densities. Their existence may be detected from the observation of gravitational waves (GWs) emitted by…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-09-01 Matteo Martinelli , Francesca Scarcella , Natalie B. Hogg , Bradley J. Kavanagh , Daniele Gaggero , Pierre Fleury

The detection of gravitational-wave events revealed that there are numerous populations of black hole (BH) binaries that can merge within the age of the Universe. Although several formation channels of such binaries are known, considerable…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-01-18 So Okano , Teruaki Suyama

Gravitational-wave black-hole spectroscopy provides a unique opportunity to test the strong-field regime of gravity and the nature of the final object formed in the aftermath of a merger. Here we investigate the prospects for black-hole…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-09-26 Swetha Bhagwat , Costantino Pacilio , Paolo Pani , Michela Mapelli

The evolution of the quasar luminosity function (QLF) is fundamental to understanding the cosmic evolution of black holes (BHs) through their accretion phases. In the era of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), Euclid, and Nancy Grace…

The Einstein Telescope (ET) is a proposed third-generation, wide-band gravitational wave (GW) detector which will have an improved detection sensitivity in low frequencies, leading to a longer observation time in the detection band and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-05-27 Neha Singh , Tomasz Bulik , Aleksandra Olejak

Astrophysical black holes (BHs) have two fundamental properties: mass and spin. While the mass-evolution of BHs has been extensively studied, much less work has been done on predicting the distribution of BH spins. In this paper we present…

We propose that the merger rate of primordial black hole (PBH) binaries can be a probe of Hubble parameter by constraining PBH mass function in the redshifted mass distribution of PBH binaries. In next-generation gravitational wave (GW)…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-05-13 Qianhang Ding

We revisit gravitational wave (GW) memory as the key to measuring spacetime symmetries, extending beyond its traditional role in GW searches. In particular, we show how these symmetries may be probed via displacement and spin memory…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-06-17 Boris Goncharov , Laura Donnay , Jan Harms

Gravitational waves (GWs) from massive black hole (MBH) mergers will provide a novel way to probe the high-redshift universe and are key to understanding galactic dynamics and evolution. In this work, we analyze MBH mergers, their GW…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-11-19 Sourabh Magare , Abhinav Roy , Shasvath J. Kapadia , Nishikanta Khandai , R. Srianand

Whether astrophysical black holes (BHs) can have charge is a question to be addressed by observations. In the era of gravitational wave (GW) astronomy, one can constrain the charge of a merged BH remnant using the merger-ringdown signal of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-01-31 Hua-Peng Gu , Hai-Tian Wang , Lijing Shao

We investigate the black hole mass function (BHMF) and Eddington ratio distribution function (ERDF) of broad-line AGNs at z=4, based on a sample of 52 quasars with i<23.2 at 3.50 < z < 4.25 from the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic…

The space-borne gravitational-wave (GW) detectors will open a new mass and redshift regime, allowing us to observe massive black hole binaries (MBHBs) throughout the Universe. A subset of these systems is expected to produce electromagnetic…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-28 Xue-Ting Zhang , Jonathan Gair , Chris Messenger , Natalia Korsakova , Yi-Ming Hu , Hong-Yu Chen