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Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) are well-established as a principled approach to probabilistic unsupervised learning with neural networks. Typically, an encoder network defines the parameters of a Gaussian distributed latent space from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Alan Jeffares , Liyuan Liu

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) aims to learn an optimal policy from a static dataset, making it particularly valuable in scenarios where data collection is costly, such as robotics. A major challenge in offline RL is distributional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Motoki Omura , Yusuke Mukuta , Kazuki Ota , Takayuki Osa , Tatsuya Harada

In the last few years there have been important advancements in generative models with the two dominant approaches being Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) and Variational Autoencoders (VAEs). However, standard Autoencoders (AEs) and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-07-26 Massimiliano Patacchiola , Patrick Fox-Roberts , Edward Rosten

We establish in-expectation and tail bounds on the generalization error of representation learning type algorithms. The bounds are in terms of the relative entropy between the distribution of the representations extracted from the training…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-21 Milad Sefidgaran , Abdellatif Zaidi , Piotr Krasnowski

In this paper we propose Structuring AutoEncoders (SAE). SAEs are neural networks which learn a low dimensional representation of data which are additionally enriched with a desired structure in this low dimensional space. While traditional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-20 Marco Rudolph , Bastian Wandt , Bodo Rosenhahn

Recent years have witnessed the rapid progress of generative adversarial networks (GANs). However, the success of the GAN models hinges on a large amount of training data. This work proposes a regularization approach for training robust GAN…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-08 Hung-Yu Tseng , Lu Jiang , Ce Liu , Ming-Hsuan Yang , Weilong Yang

VAE, or variational auto-encoder, compresses data into latent attributes, and generates new data of different varieties. VAE based on KL divergence has been considered as an effective technique for data augmentation. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-17 Zichuan Chen , Peng Liu

Representation learning seeks to expose certain aspects of observed data in a learned representation that's amenable to downstream tasks like classification. For instance, a good representation for 2D images might be one that describes only…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-03-07 Xi Chen , Diederik P. Kingma , Tim Salimans , Yan Duan , Prafulla Dhariwal , John Schulman , Ilya Sutskever , Pieter Abbeel

Reinforcement learning (RL) with diverse offline datasets can have the advantage of leveraging the relation of multiple tasks and the common skills learned across those tasks, hence allowing us to deal with real-world complex problems…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-29 Minjong Yoo , Sangwoo Cho , Honguk Woo

The variational autoencoder (VAE) is a popular combination of deep latent variable model and accompanying variational learning technique. By using a neural inference network to approximate the model's posterior on latent variables, VAEs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-30 Junxian He , Daniel Spokoyny , Graham Neubig , Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick

Diabetic retinopathy grading is inherently ordinal and long-tailed, with minority stages being scarce, heterogeneous, and clinically critical to detect accurately. Conventional methods often rely on isotropic Gaussian priors and symmetric…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-01 Nagur Shareef Shaik , Teja Krishna Cherukuri , Adnan Masood , Ehsan Adeli , Dong Hye Ye

Autoencoders (AE) have recently been widely employed to approach the novelty detection problem. Trained only on the normal data, the AE is expected to reconstruct the normal data effectively while fail to regenerate the anomalous data,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Mohammadreza Salehi , Atrin Arya , Barbod Pajoum , Mohammad Otoofi , Amirreza Shaeiri , Mohammad Hossein Rohban , Hamid R. Rabiee

The idea of end-to-end learning of communications systems through neural network -based autoencoders has the shortcoming that it requires a differentiable channel model. We present in this paper a novel learning algorithm which alleviates…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-12-06 Fayçal Ait Aoudia , Jakob Hoydis

Pretrained (language) embeddings are versatile, task-agnostic feature representations of entities, like words, that are central to many machine learning applications. These representations can be enriched through retrofitting, a class of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Justin Dieter , Arun Tejasvi Chaganty

We introduce a framework for unsupervised learning of structured predictors with overlapping, global features. Each input's latent representation is predicted conditional on the observable data using a feature-rich conditional random field.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-11-11 Waleed Ammar , Chris Dyer , Noah A. Smith

Imbalanced distribution learning is a common and significant challenge in predictive modeling, often reducing the performance of standard algorithms. Although various approaches address this issue, most are tailored to classification…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Samuel Stocksieker , Denys pommeret , Arthur Charpentier

With the increasingly widespread deployment of generative models, there is a mounting need for a deeper understanding of their behaviors and limitations. In this paper, we expose the limitations of Variational Autoencoders (VAEs), which…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-06-12 Mihaela Rosca , Balaji Lakshminarayanan , Shakir Mohamed

Variational Auto-Encoders (VAEs) have been widely applied for learning compact, low-dimensional latent representations of high-dimensional data. When the correlation structure among data points is available, previous work proposed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-20 Da Tang , Dawen Liang , Nicholas Ruozzi , Tony Jebara

Variational Autoencoders are powerful models for unsupervised learning. However deep models with several layers of dependent stochastic variables are difficult to train which limits the improvements obtained using these highly expressive…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-05-30 Casper Kaae Sønderby , Tapani Raiko , Lars Maaløe , Søren Kaae Sønderby , Ole Winther

Variational autoencoders (VAEs) typically encode images into a compact latent space, reducing computational cost but introducing an optimization dilemma: a higher-dimensional latent space improves reconstruction fidelity but often hampers…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Xunzhi Xiang , Xingye Tian , Guiyu Zhang , Yabo Chen , Shaofeng Zhang , Xuebo Wang , Xin Tao , Qi Fan
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