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A restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) is a two-layer neural network with shared weights and has been extensively studied for dimensionality reduction, data representation and recommendation systems in the literature. The traditional RBM…

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible devastative neurodegenerative disorder associated with progressive impairment of memory and cognitive functions. Its early diagnosis is crucial for the development of possible future treatment…

The deep extension of the restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM), known as the deep Boltzmann machine (DBM), is an expressive family of machine learning models which can serve as compact representations of complex probability distributions.…

Magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM) technologies with thermally unstable nanomagnets are leveraged to develop an intrinsic stochastic neuron as a building block for restricted Boltzmann machines (RBMs) to form deep belief networks…

Building a good generative model for image has long been an important topic in computer vision and machine learning. Restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) is one of such models that is simple but powerful. However, its restricted form also has…

Machine Learning (ML) algorithms are vital for supporting clinical decision-making in biomedical informatics. However, their predictive performance can vary across demographic groups, often due to the underrepresentation of historically…

Restricted Boltzmann machines (RBM) and deep Boltzmann machines (DBM) are important models in machine learning, and recently found numerous applications in quantum many-body physics. We show that there are fundamental connections between…

Precision medicine involves answering counterfactual questions such as "Would this patient respond better to treatment A or treatment B?" These types of questions are causal in nature and require the tools of causal inference to be…

Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is a malignant brain cancer forming around 48% of al brain and Central Nervous System (CNS) cancers. It is estimated that annually over 13,000 deaths occur in the US due to GBM, making it crucial to have early…

A restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) is a generative neural-network model with many novel applications such as collaborative filtering and acoustic modeling. An RBM lacks the capacity to retain memory, making it inappropriate for dynamic…

Virtual patients and digital patients/twins are two similar concepts gaining increasing attention in health care with goals to accelerate drug development and improve patients' survival, but with their own limitations. Although methods have…

We consider restricted Boltzmann machine (RBMs) trained over an unstructured dataset made of blurred copies of definite but unavailable ``archetypes'' and we show that there exists a critical sample size beyond which the RBM can learn…

This review deals with Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM) under the light of statistical physics. The RBM is a classical family of Machine learning (ML) models which played a central role in the development of deep learning. Viewing it as a…

Clinical medical data, especially in the intensive care unit (ICU), consist of multivariate time series of observations. For each patient visit (or episode), sensor data and lab test results are recorded in the patient's Electronic Health…

This work investigates the use of digital twins for dynamical system modeling and control, integrating physics-based, data-driven, and hybrid approaches with both traditional and AI-driven controllers. Using a miniature greenhouse as a test…

Differential diagnosis of dementia is challenging due to overlapping symptoms, with structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) being the primary method for diagnosis. Despite the clinical value of computer-aided differential diagnosis,…

Quantifying the uncertainty in predictive models is critical for establishing trust and enabling risk-informed decision making for personalized medicine. In contrast to one-size-fits-all approaches that seek to mitigate risk at the…

LLM-based digital twin simulation, where large language models are used to emulate individual human behavior, holds great promise for research in AI, social science, and digital experimentation. However, progress in this area has been…

Medical digital twins are computational models of human biology relevant to a given medical condition, which can be tailored to an individual patient, thereby predicting the course of disease and individualized treatments, an important goal…

Individuals with suspected rare genetic disorders often undergo multiple clinical evaluations, imaging studies, laboratory tests and genetic tests, to find a possible answer over a prolonged period of time. Addressing this "diagnostic…