Related papers: Oracle computability of conditional expectations o…
This paper proposes a causal inference relation and causal programming as general frameworks for causal inference with structural causal models. A tuple, $\langle M, I, Q, F \rangle$, is an instance of the relation if a formula, $F$,…
We define and study a new type of quantum oracle, the quantum conditional oracle, which provides oracle access to the conditional probabilities associated with an underlying distribution. Amongst other properties, we (a) obtain speed-ups…
A type-2 computable real function is necessarily continuous; and this remains true for relative, i.e. oracle-based computations. Conversely, by the Weierstrass Approximation Theorem, every continuous f:[0,1]->R is computable relative to…
Circuits based on sum-product structure have become a ubiquitous representation to compactly encode knowledge, from Boolean functions to probability distributions. By imposing constraints on the structure of such circuits, certain inference…
We give a variational formulation for $-\log\mathbb{E}_\nu\left[e^{-f}|\mathcal{F}_t\right]$ for a large class of measures $\nu$. We give a refined entropic characterization of the invertibility of some perturbations of the identity. We…
Shapley values have become a cornerstone of explainable AI, but they are computationally expensive to use, especially when features are dependent. Evaluating them requires approximating a large number of conditional expectations, either via…
One of the fundamental results in computability is the existence of well-defined functions that cannot be computed. In this paper we study the effects of data representation on computability; we show that, while for each possible way of…
Let $\Omega$ be a Polish space with Borel $\sigma$-field $\mathcal{F}$ and countably generated sub $\sigma$-field $\mathcal{G}\subset\mathcal{F}$. Denote by $\mathcal{L}(\mathcal{F})$ the set of all bounded $\mathcal{F}$-upper semianalytic…
We introduce the notion of feedback computable functions from $2^\omega$ to $2^\omega$, extending feedback Turing computation in analogy with the standard notion of computability for functions from $2^\omega$ to $2^\omega$. We then show…
Kendall's tau and conditional Kendall's tau matrices are multivariate (conditional) dependence measures between the components of a random vector. For large dimensions, available estimators are computationally expensive and can be improved…
The continuity of conditional expectation on Orlicz spaces is investigated. Indeed, we provide some necessary and sufficient conditions on a sequence $\{\mathcal{A}_n\}_{n\in\mathbb{N}}$ of $\sigma$-subalgebras for $L^{\varphi}$-convergence…
Consider a universal Turing machine that produces a partial or total function (or a binary stream), based on the answers to the binary queries that it makes during the computation. We study the probability that the machine will produce a…
Forward-looking correlations are of interest in different financial applications, including factor-based asset pricing, forecasting stock-price movements or pricing index options. With a focus on non-FX markets, this paper defines necessary…
Structural causal models are the basic modelling unit in Pearl's causal theory; in principle they allow us to solve counterfactuals, which are at the top rung of the ladder of causation. But they often contain latent variables that limit…
In this paper we extensively investigate the class of conditionally positive definite operators, namely operators generating conditionally positive definite sequences. This class itself contains subnormal operators, $2$- and $3$-isometries…
We propose an operator product expansion for planar form factors of local operators in $\mathcal{N}=4$ SYM theory. This expansion is based on the dual conformal symmetry of these objects or, equivalently, the conformal symmetry of their…
Let $D \subseteq A$ be an inclusion of unital abelian $C^*$-algebras. In this note we characterize (in topological terms) when there is a unique conditional expectation $E:A \to D$, at least when $A$ is separable. As an application, we…
The concept of conditional expectation is important in applications of probability and statistics in many areas such as reliability engineering, economy, finance, and actuarial sciences due to its property of being the best predictor of a…
In this note basic properties of unbounded weighted conditional expectation operators are investigated. A description of polar decomposition and quasinormality in this context are provided. Also, we study hyperexpan- sive weighted…
In clinical trials, inferences on clinical outcomes are often made conditional on specific selective processes. For instance, only when a treatment demonstrates a significant effect on the primary outcome, further analysis is conducted to…