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Human-designed reward functions for reinforcement learning (RL) agents are frequently misaligned with the humans' true, unobservable objectives, and thus act only as proxies. Optimizing for a misspecified proxy reward function often induces…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Stephane Hatgis-Kessell , Logan Mondal Bhamidipaty , Emma Brunskill

We study the problem of selecting a small, representative action subset from an extremely large action space shared across a family of reinforcement learning (RL) environments -- a fundamental challenge in applications like inventory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Quan Zhou , Shie Mannor

Decision trees, without appropriate constraints, can easily become overly complex and prone to overfit, capturing noise rather than generalizable patterns. To resolve this problem,pruning operation is a crucial part in optimizing decision…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Hasibul Karim Shanto , Umme Ayman Koana , Shadikur Rahman

Adaptive treatment assignment algorithms, such as bandit algorithms, are increasingly used in digital health intervention clinical trials. Frequently, the data collected from these trials is used to conduct causal inference and related data…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-30 Kelly W. Zhang , Nowell Closser , Anna L. Trella , Susan A. Murphy

State-of-the-art reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms suffer from high sample complexity, particularly in the sparse reward case. A popular strategy for mitigating this problem is to learn control policies by imitating a set of expert…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-18 Tom Blau , Gilad Francis , Philippe Morere

Non-stationary parametric bandits have attracted much attention recently. There are three principled ways to deal with non-stationarity, including sliding-window, weighted, and restart strategies. As many non-stationary environments exhibit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Jing Wang , Peng Zhao , Zhi-Hua Zhou

To integrate into human-centered environments, autonomous agents must learn from and adapt to humans in their native settings. Preference-based reinforcement learning (PbRL) can enable this by learning reward functions from human…

Extracting actionable intelligence from distributed, heterogeneous, correlated and high-dimensional data sources requires run-time processing and learning both locally and globally. In the last decade, a large number of meta-learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-11-01 Cem Tekin , Jinsung Yoon , Mihaela van der Schaar

Using bandit algorithms to conduct adaptive randomised experiments can minimise regret, but it poses major challenges for statistical inference (e.g., biased estimators, inflated type-I error and reduced power). Recent attempts to address…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-11-02 Nina Deliu , Joseph J. Williams , Sofia S. Villar

Elimination algorithms for bandit identification, which prune the plausible correct answers sequentially until only one remains, are computationally convenient since they reduce the problem size over time. However, existing elimination…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Andrea Tirinzoni , Rémy Degenne

We consider the problem of contextual bandits and imitation learning, where the learner lacks direct knowledge of the executed action's reward. Instead, the learner can actively query an expert at each round to compare two actions and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Ayush Sekhari , Karthik Sridharan , Wen Sun , Runzhe Wu

Applications of machine learning in the non-profit and public sectors often feature an iterative workflow of data acquisition, prediction, and optimization of interventions. There are four major pain points that a machine learning pipeline…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Zheyuan Ryan Shi , Zhiwei Steven Wu , Rayid Ghani , Fei Fang

Algorithms for hyperparameter optimization abound, all of which work well under different and often unverifiable assumptions. Motivated by the general challenge of sequentially choosing which algorithm to use, we study the more specific…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-04-12 Robert Nishihara , David Lopez-Paz , Léon Bottou

In fixed budget bandit identification, an algorithm sequentially observes samples from several distributions up to a given final time. It then answers a query about the set of distributions. A good algorithm will have a small probability of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-07-03 Rémy Degenne

Offline reinforcement-learning (RL) algorithms learn to make decisions using a given, fixed training dataset without online data collection. This problem setting is captivating because it holds the promise of utilizing previously collected…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-07 Dan Elbaz , Gal Novik , Oren Salzman

Online decision tree learning algorithms typically examine all features of a new data point to update model parameters. We propose a novel alternative, Reinforcement Learning- based Decision Trees (RLDT), that uses Reinforcement Learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-07-27 Abhinav Garlapati , Aditi Raghunathan , Vaishnavh Nagarajan , Balaraman Ravindran

In many areas of medicine, security, and life sciences, we want to allocate limited resources to different sources in order to detect extreme values. In this paper, we study an efficient way to allocate these resources sequentially under…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-28 Alexandra Carpentier , Michal Valko

This paper discusses the system architecture design and deployment of non-stationary multi-armed bandit approaches to determine a near-optimal payment routing policy based on the recent history of transactions. We propose a Routing Service…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-09 Aayush Chaudhary , Abhinav Rai , Abhishek Gupta

Most bandit policies are designed to either minimize regret in any problem instance, making very few assumptions about the underlying environment, or in a Bayesian sense, assuming a prior distribution over environment parameters. The former…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-07 Branislav Kveton , Martin Mladenov , Chih-Wei Hsu , Manzil Zaheer , Csaba Szepesvari , Craig Boutilier

We study here the problem of learning the exploration exploitation trade-off in the contextual bandit problem with linear reward function setting. In the traditional algorithms that solve the contextual bandit problem, the exploration is a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-06 Djallel Bouneffouf , Emmanuelle Claeys