Related papers: Ternary arithmetic, factorization, and the class n…
Non-trivial extensions of the three dimensional Poincar\'e algebra, beyond the supersymmetric one, are explicitly constructed. These algebraic structures are the natural three dimensional generalizations of fractional supersymmetry of order…
We devise a ternary operation for combining three quantum states: it consists of permuting the input systems in a continuous fashion and then discarding all but one of them. This generalizes a binary operation recently studied by Audenaert…
An archetypal problem discussed in computer science is the problem of searching for a given number in a given set of numbers. Other than sequential search, the classic solution is to sort the list of numbers and then apply binary search.…
We take a categorical approach to describe ternary derivations and ternary automorphisms of triangular algebras. New classes of automorphisms and derivations of triangular algebras are also introduced and studied.
Every natural number greater than two may be written as the sum of a prime and a square-free number. We establish several generalisations of this, by placing divisibility conditions on the square-free number.
While the prime numbers have been subject to mathematical inquiry since the ancient Greeks, the accumulated effort of understanding these numbers has - as Marcus du Sautoy recently phrased it - 'not revealed the origins of what makes the…
The octonions are one of the four normed division algebras, together with the real, complex and quaternion number systems. The latter three hold a primary place in random matrix theory, where in applications to quantum physics they are…
The N distinct prime numbers that make up a composite number M allow $2^{N-1}$ bi partioning into two relatively prime factors. Each such pair defines a pair of conjugate representations. These pairs of conjugate representations, each of…
We study some essential arithmetic properties of a new tree-based number representation, {\em hereditarily binary numbers}, defined by applying recursively run-length encoding of bijective base-2 digits. Our representation expresses giant…
Quantum theory may be formulated using Hilbert spaces over any of the three associative normed division algebras: the real numbers, the complex numbers and the quaternions. Indeed, these three choices appear naturally in a number of…
The ternary Goldbach conjecture (or three-prime conjecture) states that every odd number greater than 5 can be written as the sum of three primes. The purpose of this book is to give the first proof of the conjecture, in full.
Odd numbers can be indexed by the map k(n)=(n-3)/2, n belonging to 2N+3. We first propose a basic primality test using this index function that was first introduced in article (8). Input size of operations is reduced which improves…
To simulate a quantum system with continuous degrees of freedom on a quantum computer based on quantum digits, it is necessary to reduce continuous observables (primarily coordinates and momenta) to discrete observables. We consider this…
We describe the set of prime numbers splitting completely in the non-abelian splitting field of certain monic irreducible polynomials of degree three. As an application we establish some divisibility properties of the associated ternary…
Prime factorization is an outstanding problem in arithmetic, with important consequences in a variety of fields, most notably cryptography. Here we employ the intriguing analogy between prime factorization and optical interferometry in…
Linear algebra is usually defined over a field such as the reals or complex numbers. It is possible to extend this to skew fields such as the quaternions. However, to the authors' knowledge there is no commonly accepted notation of linear…
In this paper, the optimality of ternary arithmetic is investigated under strict mathematical formulation. The arithmetic systems are presented in generic form, as the means to encode numeric values, and the choice of radix is asserted as…
The symbolic representation of a number should be considered as a data structure, and the choice of data structure depends on the arithmetic operations that are to be performed. Numbers are almost universally represented using position…
An integer of the form $T_x=\frac{x(x+1)}2$ for some positive integer $x$ is called a triangular number. A ternary triangular form $aT_{x}+bT_{y}+cT_{z}$ for positive integers $a,b$ and $c$ is called regular if it represents every positive…
We motivate and study an infinite sequence of binary operations on the ordinal numbers, extending the standard arithmetic on the ordinals to higher degrees of iteration. Connections to the hyperoperations on the natural numbers are…