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An application of quantum communications is the transmission of qubits to create shared symmetric encryption keys in a process called Quantum Key Distribution (QKD). Contrary to public-private key encryption, symmetric encryption is safe…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-25 Tom Vergoossen , Robert Bedington , James A Grieve , Alexander Ling

Experimental deployment of quantum communication over Earth-satellite channels opens the way to a secure global quantum Internet. In this work, we present results from a real-time prototype quantum key distribution (QKD) system, which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-13 Anju Rani , Xiaoyu Ai , Aman Gupta , Ravi Singh Adhikari , Robert Malaney

Quantum key distribution (QKD) enables the establishment of secret keys between users connected via a channel vulnerable to eavesdropping, with information-theoretic security, that is, independently of the power of a malevolent party. QKD…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) together with one time pad encoding can provide information-theoretical security for communication. Currently, though QKD has been widely deployed in many metropolitan fiber networks, its implementation in a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-09-10 Qiang Zhang , Feihu Xu , Yu-Ao Chen , Cheng-Zhi Peng , Jian-Wei Pan

In recent years quantum information research has lead to the discovery of a number of remarkable new paradigms for information processing and communication. These developments include quantum cryptography schemes that offer unconditionally…

Quantum communications promise to revolutionise the way information is exchanged and protected. Unlike their classical counterpart, they are based on dim optical pulses that cannot be amplified by conventional optical repeaters.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-10-07 M. Minder , M. Pittaluga , G. L. Roberts , M. Lucamarini , J. F. Dynes , Z. L. Yuan , A. J. Shields

We propose a satellite-based Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) network that enables global-scale, end-to-end secure key exchange without relying on trusted intermediate nodes. The network is formed by a ring constellation of satellites that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-09 Sumit Chaudhary , Baqir Kazmi , Janis Nötzel

Quantum key distribution provides secure keys with information-theoretic security ensured by the principle of quantum mechanics. The continuous-variable version of quantum key distribution using coherent states offers the advantages of its…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-09 Yichen Zhang , Yiming Bian , Zhengyu Li , Song Yu , Hong Guo

Satellite-based quantum terminals are a feasible way to extend the reach of quantum communication protocols such as quantum key distribution (QKD) to the global scale. To that end, prior demonstrations have shown QKD transmissions from…

A quantum key distribution network enables pairs of users to generate independent secret keys by leveraging the principles of quantum physics. For end-to-end secure communication, a user pair's secret key must remain secure against any…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-26 Yiming Bian , Yichen Zhang , Song Yu , Zhengyu Li , Hong Guo

We provide a security analysis for continuous variable quantum key distribution protocols based on the transmission of squeezed vacuum states measured via homodyne detection. We employ a version of the entropic uncertainty relation for…

Satellite nodes are an enabler of global quantum networks by overcoming the distance limitations of fiber and free-space links on ground. The design of quantum sources and receivers for satellites, however, is challenging in terms of size,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-26 Srihari Sivasankaran , Clarence Liu , Moritz Mihm , Alexander Ling

Continuous-variable quantum key distribution which can be implemented using only low-cost and off-the-shelf components reveals great potential in the practical large-scale realization. Access network as a modern network necessity, connects…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-28 Xiangyu Wang , Ziyang Chen , Zhenghua Li , Dengke Qi , Song Yu , Hong Guo

Quantum key distribution, which allows two distant parties to share an unconditionally secure cryptographic key, promises to play an important role in the future of communication. For this reason such technique has attracted many…

The study of free-space quantum communications requires tools from quantum information theory, optics and turbulence theory. Here we combine these tools to bound the ultimate rates for key and entanglement distribution through a free-space…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-10 Stefano Pirandola

The security of real-world quantum key distribution (QKD) critically depends on the number of data points the system can collect in a fixed time interval. To date, state-of-the-art finite-key security analyses require block lengths in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-26 Charles Ci-Wen Lim , Feihu Xu , Jian-Wei Pan , Artur Ekert

Experimental realization of entanglement-based quantum key distribution (QKD) in a daylight uplink (ground-to-satellite) communication channel is highly challenging due to the very low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of this configuration and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-29 Kaushik Joarder , Jakub Szlachetka , Piotr Kolenderski

We develop a model for practical, entanglement-based long-distance quantum key distribution employing entanglement swapping as a key building block. Relying only on existing off-the-shelf technology, we show how to optimize resources so as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-02-23 Artur Scherer , Barry C. Sanders , Wolfgang Tittel

The field of space communications is the realm of communication technologies where diffraction and atmospheric effects, both of which contribute to loss and noise, become overriding. The pertinent questions here are how and at which rate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-27 Masoud Ghalaii , Stefano Pirandola

Modern communication strives towards provably secure systems which can be widely deployed. Quantum key distribution provides a methodology to verify the integrity and security of a key exchange based on physical laws. However, physical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-01 Henry Semenenko , Philip Sibson , Andy Hart , Mark G. Thompson , John G. Rarity , Chris Erven