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Offline model-based optimization (MBO) seeks to discover high-performing designs using only a fixed dataset of past evaluations. Most existing methods rely on learning a surrogate model via regression and implicitly assume that good…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Shen-Huan Lyu , Rong-Xi Tan , Ke Xue , Yi-Xiao He , Yu Huang , Qingfu Zhang , Chao Qian

The substantial growth of online learning, in particular, Massively Open Online Courses (MOOCs), supports research into the development of better models for effective learning. Learner 'confusion' is among one of the identified aspects…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-03-11 Thushari Atapattu , Katrina Falkner , Menasha Thilakaratne , Lavendini Sivaneasharajah , Rangana Jayashanka

Education plays a pivotal role in alleviating poverty, driving economic growth, and empowering individuals, thereby significantly influencing societal and personal development. However, the persistent issue of school dropout poses a…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Maria Psyridou , Fabi Prezja , Minna Torppa , Marja-Kristiina Lerkkanen , Anna-Maija Poikkeus , Kati Vasalampi

Dropout is a very effective way of regularizing neural networks. Stochastically "dropping out" units with a certain probability discourages over-specific co-adaptations of feature detectors, preventing overfitting and improving network…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2017-08-04 Pietro Morerio , Jacopo Cavazza , Riccardo Volpi , Rene Vidal , Vittorio Murino

Dropout has been witnessed with great success in training deep neural networks by independently zeroing out the outputs of neurons at random. It has also received a surge of interest for shallow learning, e.g., logistic regression. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-12-06 Zhe Li , Boqing Gong , Tianbao Yang

Online continual learning (CL) aims to learn new knowledge and consolidate previously learned knowledge from non-stationary data streams. Due to the time-varying training setting, the model learned from a changing distribution easily…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Quanziang Wang , Renzhen Wang , Yichen Wu , Xixi Jia , Deyu Meng

The importance of retention rate for higher education institutions has encouraged data analysts to present various methods to predict at-risk students. The present study, motivated by the same encouragement, proposes a deep learning model…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Sahar Voghoei , James M. Byars , Scott Jackson King , Soheil Shapouri , Hamed Yaghoobian , Khaled M. Rasheed , Hamid R. Arabnia

We aim to develop a fundamental understanding of modality collapse, a recently observed empirical phenomenon wherein models trained for multimodal fusion tend to rely only on a subset of the modalities, ignoring the rest. We show that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Abhra Chaudhuri , Anjan Dutta , Tu Bui , Serban Georgescu

In this paper we propose a model to study the appropriation of knowledge of one student in a non-collaborative online class. We formulate a stochastic model based on the quality of the teacher's class and the affinity of the student to…

We adopted survival analysis for the viewing durations of massive open online courses. The hazard function of empirical duration data is dominated by a bathtub curve and has the Lindy effect in its tail. To understand the evolutionary…

Physics Education · Physics 2019-07-17 Zheng Xie

Probabilistic models such as logistic regression, Bayesian classification, neural networks, and models for natural language processing, are increasingly more present in both undergraduate and graduate statistics and data science curricula…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2023-05-26 Vojtech Kejzlar , Jingchen Hu

We study the problem of predicting student knowledge acquisition in online courses from clickstream behavior. Motivated by the proliferation of eLearning lecture delivery, we specifically focus on student in-video activity in lectures…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-17 Yun-Wei Chu , Elizabeth Tenorio , Laura Cruz , Kerrie Douglas , Andrew S. Lan , Christopher G. Brinton

Dropout is attracting intensive research interest in deep learning as an efficient approach to prevent overfitting. Recently incorporating structural information when deciding which units to drop out produced promising results comparing to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-17 Xiaoli Li

The effectiveness of learning in massive open online courses (MOOCs) can be significantly enhanced by introducing personalized intervention schemes which rely on building predictive models of student learning behaviors such as some…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-20 Mucong Ding , Kai Yang , Dit-Yan Yeung , Ting-Chuen Pong

Learner satisfaction is a critical quality signal in massive open online courses (MOOCs), directly influencing retention, engagement, and platform reputation. Most existing methods infer satisfaction \emph{post hoc} from end-of-course…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Anna Kowalczyk , Jakub Kowalski

The longitudinal process that leads to university student drop out in STEM subjects can be described by referring to a) inter-individual differences (e.g., cognitive abilities) as well as b) intra-individual changes (e.g., affective…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-01-08 Augustin Kelava , Pascal Kilian , Judith Glaesser , Samuel Merk , Holger Brandt

Dropout is a regularization technique widely used in training artificial neural networks to mitigate overfitting. It consists of dynamically deactivating subsets of the network during training to promote more robust representations. Despite…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-09-10 Francesco Mori , Francesca Mignacco

High dropout rates in tertiary education expose a lack of efficiency that causes frustration of expectations and financial waste. Predicting students at risk is not enough to avoid student dropout. Usually, an appropriate aid action must be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Leandro M. de Lima , Renato A. Krohling

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) continue to see increasing enrolment, but only a small percent of enrolees completes the MOOCs. Whilst a lot of research has focused on predicting completion, there is little research analysing the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-08-12 Lei Shi , Alexandra I. Cristea , Armando M. Toda , Wilk Oliveira

Modern learning systems increasingly interact with data that evolve over time and depend on hidden internal state. We ask a basic question: when is such a dynamical system learnable from observations alone? This paper proposes a research…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Elad Hazan , Shai Shalev Shwartz , Nathan Srebro