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Blockchains have attracted a great deal of attention as a technology for the distributed management of register information at multiple nodes without a centralized system. However, they possess the drawbacks of low transaction throughput…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Yusuke Aoki , Kazuyuki Shudo

The novel blockchain generation of Byzantine fault-tolerant (BFT) state machine replication (SMR) protocols focuses on scalability and performance to meet requirements of distributed ledger technology (DLT), e.g., decentralization and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Christian Berger , Sadok Ben Toumia , Hans P. Reiser

Blockchain offers a decentralized, immutable, transparent system of records. It offers a peer-to-peer network of nodes with no centralised governing entity making it unhackable and therefore, more secure than the traditional paper-based or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-11-27 Harsh Jot Singh , Abdelhakim Senhaji Hafid

To address the large amount of energy wasted by blockchains, we propose a decentralized consensus protocol for blockchains in which the computation can be used to search for good approximate solutions to any optimization problem. Our…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-12-03 Naoki Shibata

Mining fairness in blockchain refers to equality between the computational resources invested in mining and the block rewards received. There exists a dilemma wherein increasing the transaction processing capacity of a blockchain…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Akira Sakurai , Kazuyuki Shudo

Cryptocurrencies, based on and led by Bitcoin, have shown promise as infrastructure for pseudonymous online payments, cheap remittance, trustless digital asset exchange, and smart contracts. However, Bitcoin-derived blockchain protocols…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-11-12 Ittay Eyal , Adem Efe Gencer , Emin Gun Sirer , Robbert van Renesse

It is now a whole year since Lightning Network (LN) has been launched on the Bitcoi's mainnet. LN has been claimed as the solution for several of Bitcoin's weaknesses such as its difficulty to scale in number of transactions per second and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-02-21 Stefano Martinazzi

Blockchain technology is ushering in another break-out year, the challenge of blockchain still remains to be solved. This paper analyzes the features of Bitcoin and Bitcoin-NG system based on blockchain, proposes an improved method of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-11-01 Jia Kan , Shangzhe Chen , Xin Huang

Bitcoin is the first and the most extensive decentralized electronic cryptocurrency system that uses blockchain technology. It uses a peer-to-peer (P2P) network to operate without a central authority and propagate system information such as…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Befekadu G. Gebraselase , Bjarne E. Helvik , Yuming Jiang

Quantum network research, is exploring new networking protocols, physics-based hardware and novel experiments to demonstrate how quantum distribution will work over large distances. Current work explores much of these concepts in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-23 Oceane Bel , Mariam Kiran

Improving transaction throughput is an important challenge for Bitcoin. However, shortening the block generation interval or increasing the block size to improve throughput makes it sharing blocks within the network slower and increases the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-06-05 Ryunosuke Nagayama , Kazuyuki Shudo , Ryohei Banno

The Bitcoin Lightning Network is a Layer 2 payment protocol that addresses Bitcoin's scalability by facilitating quick and cost effective transactions through payment channels. This research explores the feasibility of using machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Vincent Davis , Emanuele Rossi , Vikash Singh

Bitcoin's Lightning Network (LN) is a scalability solution for Bitcoin allowing transactions to be issued with negligible fees and settled instantly at scale. In order to use LN, funds need to be locked in payment channels on the Bitcoin…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-04-16 István András Seres , László Gulyás , Dániel A. Nagy , Péter Burcsi

The Bitcoin Lightning Network is a layer 2 protocol designed to facilitate fast and inexpensive Bitcoin transactions. It operates by establishing channels between users, where Bitcoin is locked and transactions are conducted off-chain until…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Rainer Feichtinger , Florian Grötschla , Lioba Heimbach , Roger Wattenhofer

Designing an efficient difficulty control algorithm is an essential problem in Proof-of-Work (PoW) based blockchains because the network hash rate is randomly changing. This paper proposes a general difficulty control algorithm and provides…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-04-23 Shulai Zhang , Xiaoli Ma

Emerging advanced applications, such as smart cities, healthcare, and virtual reality, demand more challenging requirements on sixth-generation (6G) mobile networks, including the need for improved secrecy, greater integrity,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-07-12 Bo Li , Shuiguang Deng , Xueqiang Yan , Schahram Dustdar

Increasing popularity of trading digital assets can lead to significant delays in Blockchain networks when processing transactions. When transaction fees become miners' primary revenue, an imbalance in reward may lead to miners adopting…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-04-03 Gerui Zhang , Xiongfei Zhao , Yain-Whar Si

Lightning Network (LN) is designed to amend the scalability and privacy issues of Bitcoin. It's a payment channel network where Bitcoin transactions are issued off chain, onion routed through a private payment path with the aim to settle…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-07-14 Ferenc Beres , Istvan Andras Seres , Andras A. Benczur

Since Bitcoin was first introduced in 2008, many types of cryptocurrencies have been proposed based on blockchain. However, the performance of permissionless blockchains restricts the widespread of cryptocurrency. Recently, Libra was…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-12-12 Jiashuo Zhang , Jianbo Gao , Zhenhao Wu , Wentian Yan , Qize Wu , Qingshan Li , Zhong Chen

This study examines the weak form of the efficient market hypothesis for Bitcoin using a feedforward neural network. Due to the increasing popularity of cryptocurrencies in recent years, the question has arisen, as to whether market…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2022-08-16 Mike Kraehenbuehl , Joerg Osterrieder