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Arabic is one of the languages that present special challenges to Optical character recognition (OCR). The main challenge in Arabic is that it is mostly cursive. Therefore, a segmentation process must be carried out to determine where the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-07-05 Mahmoud A. A. Mousa , Mohammed S. Sayed , Mahmoud I. Abdalla

Speech foundation models (SFMs), such as Open Whisper-Style Speech Models (OWSM), are trained on massive datasets to achieve accurate automatic speech recognition. However, even SFMs struggle to accurately recognize rare and unseen words.…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Yui Sudo , Yusuke Fujita , Atsushi Kojima , Tomoya Mizumoto , Lianbo Liu

Arabic poses a particular challenge for natural language processing (NLP) and information retrieval (IR) due to its complex morphology, optional diacritics and the coexistence of Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) and various dialects. Despite…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Salah Eddine Bekhouche , Azeddine Benlamoudi , Yazid Bounab , Fadi Dornaika , Abdenour Hadid

The use of multilingual language models for tasks in low and high-resource languages has been a success story in deep learning. In recent times, Arabic has been receiving widespread attention on account of its dialectal variance. While…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-09 Soumajyoti Sarkar , Kaixiang Lin , Sailik Sengupta , Leonard Lausen , Sheng Zha , Saab Mansour

Automated Essay Scoring (AES) plays a crucial role in assessing language learners' writing quality, reducing grading workload, and providing real-time feedback. The lack of annotated essay datasets inhibits the development of Arabic AES…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Chatrine Qwaider , Bashar Alhafni , Kirill Chirkunov , Nizar Habash , Ted Briscoe

Classical and some deep learning techniques for Arabic text classification often depend on complex morphological analysis, word segmentation, and hand-crafted feature engineering. These could be eliminated by using character-level features.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-23 Mahmoud Daif , Shunsuke Kitada , Hitoshi Iyatomi

Arabic medical text generation is increasingly needed to help users interpret symptoms and access general health guidance in their native language. Nevertheless, many existing methods assume uniform importance across training samples,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Ahmed Alansary , Molham Mohamed , Ali Hamdi

Online Arabic cursive character recognition is still a big challenge due to the existing complexities including Arabic cursive script styles, writing speed, writer mood and so forth. Due to these unavoidable constraints, the accuracy of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-01-18 Amjad Rehman

Tashkeel, or Arabic Text Diacritization (ATD), greatly enhances the comprehension of Arabic text by removing ambiguity and minimizing the risk of misinterpretations caused by its absence. It plays a crucial role in improving Arabic text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Faris Alasmary , Orjuwan Zaafarani , Ahmad Ghannam

Speech emotion recognition is vital for human-computer interaction, particularly for low-resource languages like Arabic, which face challenges due to limited data and research. We introduce ArabEmoNet, a lightweight architecture designed to…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Ali Abouzeid , Bilal Elbouardi , Mohamed Maged , Shady Shehata

The widespread absence of diacritical marks in Arabic text poses a significant challenge for Arabic natural language processing (NLP). This paper explores instances of naturally occurring diacritics, referred to as "diacritics in the wild,"…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Salman Elgamal , Ossama Obeid , Tameem Kabbani , Go Inoue , Nizar Habash

Arabic Handwritten Character Recognition (AHCR) has recently advanced significantly with deep Convolutional Neural Networks (ConvNets). However, many models in the literature are deep and computationally expensive in terms of parameters and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Mohsine El Khayati , Rachid Elouahbi , Abdelillah Semma

Maqam, a singing type, is a significant component of Kurdish music. A maqam singer receives training in a traditional face-to-face or through self-training. Automatic Singing Assessment (ASA) uses machine learning (ML) to provide the…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Darvan Shvan Khairaldeen , Hossein Hassani

Discriminating between closely-related language varieties is considered a challenging and important task. This paper describes our submission to the DSL 2016 shared-task, which included two sub-tasks: one on discriminating similar languages…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-09-27 Yonatan Belinkov , James Glass

Deep neural networks have shown good data modelling capabilities when dealing with challenging and large datasets from a wide range of application areas. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) offer advantages in selecting good features and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-11-02 Abdulaziz M. Alayba , Vasile Palade , Matthew England , Rahat Iqbal

Word embeddings are a core component of modern natural language processing systems, making the ability to thoroughly evaluate them a vital task. We describe DiaLex, a benchmark for intrinsic evaluation of dialectal Arabic word embedding.…

Arabic word segmentation is essential for a variety of NLP applications such as machine translation and information retrieval. Segmentation entails breaking words into their constituent stems, affixes and clitics. In this paper, we compare…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-08-22 Mohamed Eldesouki , Younes Samih , Ahmed Abdelali , Mohammed Attia , Hamdy Mubarak , Kareem Darwish , Kallmeyer Laura

Despite Arabic being one of the most widely spoken languages, the development of Arabic Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems faces significant challenges due to the language's complexity, and only a limited number of public Arabic ASR…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Lilit Grigoryan , Nikolay Karpov , Enas Albasiri , Vitaly Lavrukhin , Boris Ginsburg

Emotion recognition from speech signal based on deep learning is an active research area. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) may be the dominant method in this area. In this paper, we implement two neural architectures to address this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-03 Ahmed Ali , Yasser Hifny

Data sparsity is a main problem hindering the development of code-switching (CS) NLP systems. In this paper, we investigate data augmentation techniques for synthesizing dialectal Arabic-English CS text. We perform lexical replacements…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Injy Hamed , Nizar Habash , Slim Abdennadher , Ngoc Thang Vu