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This paper presents a novel robust trajectory optimization method for constrained nonlinear dynamical systems subject to unknown bounded disturbances. In particular, we seek optimal control policies that remain robustly feasible with…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-08 Arshiya Taj Abdul , Augustinos D. Saravanos , Evangelos A. Theodorou

Given the prominence of targeted therapy and immunotherapy in cancer treatment, it becomes imperative to consider heterogeneity in patients' responses to treatments, which contributes greatly to the widely used proportional hazard…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-09-01 Powei Chen , Siying Hu , Haojin Zhou

Radiotherapy treatment planning is a challenging large-scale optimization problem plagued by uncertainty. Following the robust optimization methodology, we propose a novel, spatially based uncertainty set for robust modeling of radiotherapy…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-05-28 Noam Goldberg , Mark P. Langer , Shimrit Shtern

In precision medicine, Dynamic Treatment Regimes (DTRs) are treatment protocols that adapt over time in response to a patient's observed characteristics. A DTR is a set of decision functions that takes an individual patient's information as…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-03-17 Cong Jiang , Michael Wallace , Mary Thompson

Causal analyses for observational studies are often complicated by covariate imbalances among treatment groups, and matching methodologies alleviate this complication by finding subsets of treatment groups that exhibit covariate balance. It…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-04-26 Zach Branson

There has been a split in the statistics community about the need for taking covariates into account in the design phase of a clinical trial. There are many advocates of using stratification and covariate-adaptive randomization to promote…

Methodology · Statistics 2011-02-21 William F. Rosenberger , Oleksandr Sverdlov

Nonlinear regression models addressing both efficacy and toxicity outcomes are increasingly used in dose-finding trials, such as in pharmaceutical drug development. However, research on related experimental design problems for corresponding…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-01-06 Holger Dette , Katrin Kettelhake , Kirsten Schorning , Weng Kee Wong , Frank Bretz

A computer model can be used for predicting an output only after specifying the values of some unknown physical constants known as calibration parameters. The unknown calibration parameters can be estimated from real data by conducting…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-06-18 Arvind Krishna , V. Roshan Joseph , Shan Ba , William A. Brenneman , William R. Myers

We present a new experimental design procedure that divides a set of experimental units into two groups in order to minimize error in estimating an additive treatment effect. One concern is minimizing error at the experimental design stage…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-02-02 Abba M. Krieger , David Azriel , Adam Kapelner

A platform trial is an innovative clinical trial design that uses a master protocol to evaluate multiple treatments, where patients are often assigned to different subsets of treatment arms based on individual characteristics, enrollment…

In randomized trials involving multiple treatments, bivariate survival outcomes present significant analytical challenges for making decisions. This paper addresses the problem of deriving optimal individualized treatment rules to maximize…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-29 Kun Ren , Yifan Cui , Wen Su

Randomized experiments play a major role in data-driven decision making across many different fields and disciplines. In medicine, for example, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are the backbone of clinical trial methodology for testing…

Applications · Statistics 2016-08-30 Andrew W. Correia

Tie-breaker designs trade off a statistical design objective with short-term gain from preferentially assigning a binary treatment to those with high values of a running variable $x$. The design objective is any continuous function of the…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-10-20 Harrison H. Li , Art B. Owen

We consider experiments for comparing treatments using units that are ordered linearly over time or space within blocks. In addition to the block effect, we assume that a trend effect influences the response. The latter is modeled as a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2008-12-18 Dibyen Majumdar , John Stufken

Precision medicine leverages patient heterogeneity to estimate individualized treatment regimens, formalized, data-driven approaches designed to match patients with optimal treatments. In the presence of competing events, where multiple…

Real-life parallel machine scheduling problems can be characterized by: (i) limited information about the exact task duration at scheduling time, and (ii) an opportunity to reschedule the remaining tasks each time a task processing is…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-11-22 Izack Cohen , Krzysztof Postek , Shimrit Shtern

Modern randomization methods in clinical trials are invariably adaptive, meaning that the assignment of the next subject to a treatment group uses the accumulated information in the trial. Some of the recent adaptive randomization methods…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-02-12 Alan R. Vazquez , Weng Kee Wong

The field of precision medicine aims to tailor treatment based on patient-specific factors in a reproducible way. To this end, estimating an optimal individualized treatment regime (ITR) that recommends treatment decisions based on patient…

A central goal in designing clinical trials is to find the test that maximizes power (or equivalently minimizes required sample size) for finding a false null hypothesis subject to the constraint of type I error. When there is more than one…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-09-21 Ruth Heller , Abba Krieger , Saharon Rosset

Optimal design of a Phase I cancer trial can be formulated as a stochastic optimization problem. By making use of recent advances in approximate dynamic programming to tackle the problem, we develop an approximation of the Bayesian optimal…

Methodology · Statistics 2010-12-01 Jay Bartroff , Tze Leung Lai