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SCALES (Slicer Combined with Array of Lenslets for Exoplanet Spectroscopy) is a 2 - 5 micron high-contrast lenslet-based integral field spectrograph (IFS) designed to characterize exoplanets and their atmospheres. The SCALES…

Transmission spectroscopy is the most widely used technique for studying exoplanet atmospheres. Since the planetary nightside faces the observer during a transit, highly irradiated giant exoplanets with warm nightsides emit thermal…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-08-16 John A. Kappelmeier , Ryan J. MacDonald , Nikole K. Lewis

Although transit spectroscopy is a powerful method for studying the composition, thermal properties and dynamics of exoplanet atmospheres, only a few transiting terrestrial exoplanets will be close enough to allow significant transit…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-28 Franck Selsis , Robin Wordsworth , François Forget

Determining wavelength-dependent exoplanet radii measurements is an excellent way to probe the composition of exoplanet atmospheres. In light of this, Borsa et al. (2016) sought to develop a technique to obtain such measurements by…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-02-01 H. M. Cegla , C. Lovis , V. Bourrier , C. A. Watson , A. Wyttenbach

Refraction deflects photons that pass through atmospheres, which affects transit light curves. Refraction thus provides an avenue to probe physical properties of exoplanet atmospheres and to constrain the presence of clouds and hazes. In…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-01-24 Dennis Alp , Brice-Olivier Demory

To date, the ability for observers to reveal the composition or thermal structure of an exoplanet's atmosphere has rested on two techniques: high-contrast direct imaging and time-series observations of transiting exoplanets. The former is…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-07-30 Kevin B. Stevenson

Observing extrasolar planetary transits is one of the only ways that we may infer the masses and radii of planets outside the Solar System. As such, the detections made by photometric transit surveys are one of the only foreseeable ways…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Thomas G. Beatty

Transmission spectroscopy is one of the most successful methods of learning about exoplanet atmospheres. The process of retrievals using transmission spectroscopy consists of creating numerous forward models and comparing them to…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-05-22 Agnibha Banerjee , Joanna K. Barstow , Carole A. Haswell , Stephen R. Lewis

Planets reflect and linearly polarize the radiation that they receive from their host stars. The emergent polarization is sensitive to aspects of the planet atmosphere such as the gas composition and the occurrence of condensates and their…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-02-28 Antonio García Muñoz

The combination of high-contrast imaging and medium to high spectral resolution spectroscopy offers new possibilities for the detection and characterization of exoplanets. The molecular mapping technique uses the difference between the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-11-23 Alexis Bidot , David Mouillet , Alexis Carlotti

Here we introduce the RobERt (Robotic Exoplanet Recognition) algorithm for the classification of exoplanetary emission spectra. Spectral retrievals of exoplanetary atmospheres frequently requires the preselection of molecular/atomic…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-04-13 I. P. Waldmann

The challenge of inconsistent results from different data pipelines, even when starting from identical data, is a recognized concern in exoplanetary science. As we transition into the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) era and prepare for…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-05-28 Lorenzo V. Mugnai , Mark R. Swain , Raissa Estrela , Gael M. Roudier

This work assesses the potential capability of the next generation of high-precision Radial Velocity (RV) instruments for Earth-twin exoplanet detection. From the perspective of the importance of data sampling, the Terra Hunting Experiment…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-06-13 Richard D. Hall , Samantha J. Thompson , Will Handley , Didier Queloz

Transmission spectroscopy is among the most fruitful techniques to infer the main opacity sources present in the upper atmosphere of a transiting planet and to constrain the composition of the thermosphere and of the unbound exosphere. Not…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-11-09 Daniela Sicilia , Luca Malavolta , Lorenzo Pino , Gaetano Scandariato , Valerio Nascimbeni , Giampaolo Piotto , Isabella Pagano

Spectroscopy during planetary transits is a powerful tool to probe exoplanet atmospheres. We present the near-infrared transit spectroscopy of XO-2b obtained with HST NICMOS. Uniquely for NICMOS transit spectroscopy, a companion star of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-11 Nicolas Crouzet , Peter R. McCullough , Christopher J. Burke , Douglas Long

High-resolution spectroscopy (HRS) has grown into one of the main techniques to characterise the atmospheres of extrasolar planets. High spectral resolving power allows for the efficient removal of telluric and host-star contamination.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-05-15 Ignas Snellen

While high-resolution cross-correlation spectroscopy (HRCCS) techniques have proven effective at characterizing the atmospheres of transiting and non-transiting hot Jupiters, the limitations of these techniques are not well understood. We…

This tutorial is an introduction to techniques used to characterize the atmospheres of transiting exoplanets. We intend it to be a useful guide for the undergraduate, graduate student, or postdoctoral scholar who wants to begin research in…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-12-19 Drake Deming , Dana Louie , Holly Sheets

Transmission spectra of exoplanetary atmospheres have been used to infer the presence of clouds/hazes. Such inferences are typically based on spectral slopes in the optical deviant from gaseous Rayleigh scattering or low-amplitude spectral…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-08-31 Arazi Pinhas , Nikku Madhusudhan

SPICES (Spectro-Polarimetric Imaging and Characterization of Exoplanetary Systems) is a five-year M-class mission proposed to ESA Cosmic Vision. Its purpose is to image and characterize long-period extrasolar planets and circumstellar disks…

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