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In [1], we introduced the weakly synchronizing languages for probabilistic automata. In this report, we show that the emptiness problem of weakly synchronizing languages for probabilistic automata is undecidable. This implies that the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2012-06-06 Laurent Doyen , Thierry Massart , Mahsa Shirmohammadi

For any synchronizing $n$-state deterministic automaton, \v{C}ern\'{y} conjectures the existence of a synchronizing word of length at most $(n-1)^2$. We prove that there exists a synchronizing word of length at most $2n^2 - 7n + 7$ for…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Yinfeng Zhu

In this paper we introduce a new type of approximate state reductions where the behaviors of the reduced and the original automaton do not have to be identical, but they must match on all words of length less than or equal to some given…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-09-07 Miroslav Ćirić , Ivana Micić , Stefan Stanimirović , Linh Anh Nguyen

We study ideal languages generated by a single word. We provide an algorithm to construct a strongly connected synchronizing automaton for which such a language serves as the language of synchronizing words. Also we present a compact…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2013-04-12 Vladimir V. Gusev , Marina I. Maslennikova , Elena V. Pribavkina

A deterministic finite automaton is synchronizing if there exists a word that sends all states of the automaton to the same state. \v{C}ern\'y conjectured in 1964 that a synchronizing automaton with $n$ states has a synchronizing word of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-09-23 Henk Don

We show that a well-known family of deterministic finite automata can be used to distinguish distinct binary strings of the same length from every start state. Further, we establish almost matching lower and upper bounds on the number of…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-09-07 Nicholas Tran

This paper considers the existence of short synchronizing words in deterministic finite automata (DFAs). We define two general strategies for generating synchronizing words, and we show that each of these strategies can be applied if and…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Peter Bradshaw , Alexander Clow , Ladislav Stacho

Register automata (RAs) are finite automata extended with a finite set of registers to store and compare data from an infinite domain. We study the concept of synchronizing data words in RAs: does there exist a data word that sends all…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2019-06-11 Karin Quaas , Mahsa Shirmohammadi

The set of synchronizing words of a given $n$-state automaton forms a regular language recognizable by an automaton with $2^n - n$ states. The size of a recognizing automaton for the set of synchronizing words is linked to computational…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-11-29 Stefan Hoffmann

Grammatical inference is concerned with the study of algorithms for learning automata and grammars from words. We focus on learning Nondeterministic Finite Automaton of size k from samples of words. To this end, we formulate the problem as…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-07-15 Frédéric Lardeux , Eric Monfroy

In a recent article by Chapuy and Perarnau, it was shown that a uniformly chosen automaton on $n$ states with a $2$-letter alphabet has a synchronizing word of length $O(\sqrt{n}\log n)$ with high probability. In this note, we improve this…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-07-26 Anders Martinsson

The work presents some new algorithms realized recently in the package TESTAS. They decide whether or not deterministic finite automaton (DFA) is synchronizing, several procedures find relatively short synchronizing words and a…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2020-11-12 Avraham N. Trahtman

A complete deterministic finite (semi)automaton (DFA) with a set of states $Q$ is \emph{completely reachable} if every nonempty subset of $Q$ is the image of the action of some word applied to $Q$. The concept of completely reachable…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Robert Ferens , Marek Szykuła

It was conjectured by \v{C}ern\'y in 1964, that a synchronizing DFA on $n$ states always has a synchronizing word of length at most $(n-1)^2$, and he gave a sequence of DFAs for which this bound is reached. Until now a full analysis of all…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2018-09-18 Michiel de Bondt , Henk Don , Hans Zantema

Fast matching of regular expressions with bounded repetition, aka counting, such as (ab){50,100}, i.e., matching linear in the length of the text and independent of the repetition bounds, has been an open problem for at least two decades.…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Lukáš Holík , Juraj Síč , Lenka Turoňová , Tomáš Vojnar

We analyze how an observer synchronizes to the internal state of a finite-state information source, using the epsilon-machine causal representation. Here, we treat the case of exact synchronization, when it is possible for the observer to…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2015-05-19 Nicholas F. Travers , James P. Crutchfield

Consider a complete communication network of $n$ nodes, where the nodes receive a common clock pulse. We study the synchronous $c$-counting problem: given any starting state and up to $f$ faulty nodes with arbitrary behaviour, the task is…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2015-03-24 Christoph Lenzen , Joel Rybicki , Jukka Suomela

The synchronization problem is investigated for the class of locally strongly transitive automata introduced in a previous work of the authors. Some extensions of this problem related to the notions of stable set and word of minimal rank of…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2011-11-24 Arturo Carpi , Flavio D'Alessandro

We prove that a uniformly random automaton with $n$ states on a 2-letter alphabet has a synchronizing word of length $O(n^{1/2}\log n)$ with high probability (w.h.p.). That is to say, w.h.p. there exists a word $\omega$ of such length, and…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Guillaume Chapuy , Guillem Perarnau

We study representations of ideal languages by means of strongly connected synchronizing automata. For every finitely generated ideal language L we construct such an automaton with at most 2^n states, where n is the maximal length of words…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2013-05-03 Vladimir V. Gusev , Marina I. Maslennikova , Elena V. Pribavkina