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We study the behavior of the Wasserstein-$2$ distance between discrete measures $\mu$ and $\nu$ in $\mathbb{R}^d$ when both measures are smoothed by small amounts of Gaussian noise. This procedure, known as Gaussian-smoothed optimal…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-06-15 Yunzi Ding , Jonathan Niles-Weed

We develop a variant of Stein's method of comparison of generators to bound the Kolmogorov, total variation, and Wasserstein-1 distances between distributions on the real line. Our discrepancy is expressed in terms of the ratio of reverse…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-10-28 Paul Mansanarez , Guillaume Poly , Yvik Swan

Suppose $\widehat\theta_n$ is a strongly consistent estimator for $\theta_0$ in some i.i.d. situation. Let $N_\varepsilon$ and $Q_\varepsilon$ be respectively the last $n$ and the total number of $n$ for which $\widehat\theta_n$ is at least…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-11 Nils Lid Hjort , Grete Fenstad

In this paper, we establish a novel connection between total variation (TV) distance estimation and probabilistic inference. In particular, we present an efficient, structure-preserving reduction from relative approximation of TV distance…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Arnab Bhattacharyya , Sutanu Gayen , Kuldeep S. Meel , Dimitrios Myrisiotis , A. Pavan , N. V. Vinodchandran

We derive a deterministic, non-asymptotic upper bound on the Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence of the flow-matching distribution approximation. In particular, if the $L_2$ flow-matching loss is bounded by $\epsilon^2 > 0$, then the KL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Maojiang Su , Jerry Yao-Chieh Hu , Sophia Pi , Han Liu

This paper presents likelihood-based inference methods for the family of univariate gamma-normal distributions GN({\alpha}, r, {\mu}, {\sigma}^2 ) that result from summing independent gamma({\alpha}, r) and N({\mu}, {\sigma}^2 ) random…

Applications · Statistics 2024-12-03 Massimiliano Bonamente , Dale Zimmerman

A distributed inference scheme which uses bounded transmission functions over a Gaussian multiple access channel is considered. When the sensor measurements are decreasingly reliable as a function of the sensor index, the conditions on the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2015-06-16 Sivaraman Dasarathan , Cihan Tepedelenlioglu

Computing the similarity between two probability distributions is a recurring theme across control. We introduce a unified family of distances between the probability distributions of two random variables that is based on the discrepancy…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-03 Alexandros E. Tzikas , Arec Jamgochian , Nazim Kemal Ure , Mykel J. Kochenderfer , Stephen P. Boyd

The $2$-Wasserstein distance is sensitive to minor geometric differences between distributions, making it a very powerful dissimilarity metric. However, due to this sensitivity, a small outlier mass can also cause a significant increase in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Sharath Raghvendra , Pouyan Shirzadian , Kaiyi Zhang

Gaussian inference on smooth manifolds is central to robotics, but exact marginalization and conditioning are generally non-Gaussian and geometry-dependent. We study tangent-linearized Gaussian inference and derive explicit non-asymptotic…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Junghoon Seo , Hakjin Lee , Jaehoon Sim

Parton distributions functions (PDFs), which are essential to the interpretation of data from high energy colliders, are measured by representing them as functional forms containing many parameters. Those parameters are determined by…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-03-13 Jon Pumplin

Introducing inequality constraints in Gaussian process (GP) models can lead to more realistic uncertainties in learning a great variety of real-world problems. We consider the finite-dimensional Gaussian approach from Maatouk and Bay (2017)…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-11-04 Andrés F. López-Lopera , François Bachoc , Nicolas Durrande , Olivier Roustant

We generalize the well-known mixtures of Gaussians approach to density estimation and the accompanying Expectation--Maximization technique for finding the maximum likelihood parameters of the mixture to the case where each data point…

Methodology · Statistics 2011-08-01 Jo Bovy , David W. Hogg , Sam T. Roweis

A fundamental notion of distance between train and test distributions from the field of domain adaptation is discrepancy distance. While in general hard to compute, here we provide the first set of provably efficient algorithms for testing…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Gautam Chandrasekaran , Adam R. Klivans , Vasilis Kontonis , Konstantinos Stavropoulos , Arsen Vasilyan

We study the problem of quantifying how far an empirical distribution deviates from Gaussianity under the framework of optimal transport. By exploiting the cone geometry of the relative translation invariant quadratic Wasserstein space, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Binshuai Wang , Peng Wei

This paper introduces a comprehensive framework to adjust a discrete test statistic for improving its hypothesis testing procedure. The adjustment minimizes the Wasserstein distance to a null-approximating continuous distribution, tackling…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-06-13 Gonzalo Contador , Zheyang Wu

Expectation Propagation (Minka, 2001) is a widely successful algorithm for variational inference. EP is an iterative algorithm used to approximate complicated distributions, typically to find a Gaussian approximation of posterior…

Computation · Statistics 2016-04-01 Guillaume Dehaene , Simon Barthelmé

Flow matching has emerged as a powerful generative modeling approach with flexible choices of source distribution. While Gaussian distributions are commonly used, the potential for better alternatives in high-dimensional data generation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Junho Lee , Kwanseok Kim , Joonseok Lee

The focus of modern biomedical studies has gradually shifted to explanation and estimation of joint effects of high dimensional predictors on disease risks. Quantifying uncertainty in these estimates may provide valuable insight into…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-03-09 Zhe Fei , Yi Li

Score-based Generative Models (SGMs) approximate a data distribution by perturbing it with Gaussian noise and subsequently denoising it via a learned reverse diffusion process. These models excel at modeling complex data distributions and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Stefano Bruno , Sotirios Sabanis