Related papers: 3D propagation of relativistic solar protons throu…

The local interstellar spectra (LIS's) for galactic cosmic rays (CR's) cannot be directly observed at the Earth below certain energies, because of solar modulation in the heliosphere. With Voyager 1 crossing the heliopause in 2012, in situ…

A functional form I_{max}(R)=kR^{-\alpha}, where R is the radial distance of spacecraft, was usually used to model the radial dependence of peak intensities I_{max}(R) of solar energetic particles (SEPs). In this work, the five-dimensional…

The transport of charged energetic particles in the presence of strong intermittent heliospheric turbulence is computationally analyzed based on known properties of the interplanetary magnetic field and solar wind plasma at 1 Astronomical…

We present a study of 7 large solar proton events (SPEs) of current solar cycle 24 (from 2009 January up to date). They were recorded by GOES spacecraft with highest proton fluxes over 200 pfu for energies $>$10 MeV. In situ particle…

Heavy (Z>26) solar energetic particles (SEPs) with energies ~1 MeV/nucleon are known to leave visible damage tracks in meteoritic materials. The density of such solar flare tracks in lunar and asteroidal samples has been used as a measure…

Context. A solar eruption on 17 April 2021 produced a widespread Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) event that was observed by five longitudinally well-separated observers in the inner heliosphere at heliocentric distances of 0.42 to 1 au:…

Solar energetic particles are a result of intense solar events such as solar flares and Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs). These latter events all together can cause major disruptions to spacecraft that are in Earth's orbit and outside of the…

In order to have a comprehensive view of the propagation and evolution of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) from the Sun to deep interplanetary space beyond 1 au, we carry out a kinematic analysis of 7 CMEs in solar cycle 23. The events are…

Solar Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are large-scale ejections of plasma and magnetic field from the corona, which propagate through interplanetary space. CMEs are the most significant drivers of adverse space weather on Earth, but the…

Nearly 70 Ground Level Enhancements (GLEs) of cosmic rays have been recorded by the worldwide neutron monitor network since the 1950s depicting a big variety of energy spectra of solar energetic particles (SEP). Here we studied a…

In this note, we consider radio characteristics of three proton flares that caused discrete enhancements of solar energetic particles (SEPs) near Earth. The analysis confirmed that the flux density and frequency spectrum of microwave…

The geographic structure of radiation dose rates at aircraft altitudes in Earth's atmosphere during the irradiation of Earth by proton spectra from incoming solar particle events is examined using the recently developed MAIRE+ software.…

Solar Energetic Particle (SEPs) with energies ranging from tens of keV to a few GeV, are a significant component in the description of the space environment. In this work, the HESPERIA REleASE product is emphasized, which, based on the…

Solar energetic particles (SEPs) are produced in two fundamental ways: at magnetic reconnection sites in solar jets and at collisionless shock waves driven by fast coronal mass ejections (CMEs). "Impulsive" SEP events, on open field lines…

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) drive powerful shocks and thereby accelerate solar energetic particles (SEPs) as they propagate from the corona into interplanetary space. Here we present the processes of three-stage particle acceleration by a…

We calculate the interplanetary magnetic field path lengths traveled by electrons in solar electron events detected by the WIND 3DP instrument from $1994$ to $2016$. The velocity dispersion analysis method is applied for electrons at…

Turbulence, a ubiquitous phenomenon in interplanetary space, is crucial for the energy conversion of space plasma at multiple scales. This work focuses on the propagation, polarization and wave composition properties of the solar wind…

Forecasting Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) fluence, as integrated over an SEP event, is an important element when estimating the effect of solar eruptions on humans and technology in space. Current real-time estimates are based on SEP…

Gamma rays are produced by cosmic ray (CR) protons interacting with the particles at solar photosphere and by cosmic ray electrons and positrons (CRes) via inverse Compton scattering of solar photons. The former come from the solar disk…

Particles measured in large gradual solar energetic particle (SEP) events are believed to be predominantly accelerated at shocks driven by coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Ion charge state and composition analyses suggest that the origin of…