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Important models in insurance, for example the Carm{\'e}r--Lundberg theory and the Sparre Andersen model, essentially rely on the Poisson process. The process is used to model arrival times of insurance claims. This paper extends the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-04-16 Arun Kumar , Nikolai Leonenko , Alois Pichler

The development of Machine Learning is experiencing growing interest from the general public, and in recent years there have been numerous press articles questioning its objectivity: racism, sexism, \dots Driven by the growing attention of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-07-27 Marguerite Sauce , Antoine Chancel , Antoine Ly

Harrel's concordance index is a commonly used discrimination metric for survival models, particularly for models where the relative ordering of the risk of individuals is time-independent, such as the proportional hazards model. There are…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-06-27 A. Gandy , T. J. Matcham

Insurers are increasingly adopting more demand-based strategies to incorporate the indirect effect of premium changes on their policyholders' willingness to stay. However, since in practice both insurers' renewal premia and customers'…

Applications · Statistics 2022-10-10 Robert Matthijs Verschuren

Every time drivers take to the road, and with each mile that they drive, exposes themselves and others to the risk of an accident. Insurance premiums are only weakly linked to mileage, however, and have lump-sum characteristics largely. The…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2020-03-11 Safoora Zarei , Ali R. Fallahi

Automotive insurers increasingly have access to telematic information via black-box recorders installed in the insured vehicle, and wish to identify undesirable behaviour which may signify increased risk or uninsured activities. However,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-04-23 Mark McLeod , Bernardo Perez-Orozco , Nika Lee , Davide Zilli

Marginal imputation, which consists of imputing each item requiring imputation separately, is often used in surveys. This type of imputation procedures leads to asymptotically unbiased estimators of simple parameters such as population…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-11-04 Hélène Chaput , Guillaume Chauvet , David Haziza , Laurianne Salembier , Julie Solard

In this paper, we propose a novel frequency-severity joint trip-level risk index that combines the frequency of abnormal driving patterns with a severity component reflecting how extreme such behavior is relative to a portfolio-level…

Applications · Statistics 2026-03-18 Jongtaek Lee , Andrei Badescu , X. Sheldon Lin

The use of cumulative incidence functions for characterizing the risk of one type of event in the presence of others has become increasingly popular over the past decade. The problems of modeling, estimation and inference have been treated…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-11-16 Youngjoo Cho , Annette M. Molinaro , Chen Hu , Robert L. Strawderman

Most work in algorithmic fairness to date has focused on discrete outcomes, such as deciding whether to grant someone a loan or not. In these classification settings, group fairness criteria such as independence, separation and sufficiency…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-18 Daniel Steinberg , Alistair Reid , Simon O'Callaghan , Finnian Lattimore , Lachlan McCalman , Tiberio Caetano

Existing metrics in competing risks survival analysis such as concordance and accuracy do not evaluate a model's ability to jointly predict the event type and the event time. To address these limitations, we propose a new metric, which we…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-08-20 Kartik Ahuja , Mihaela van der Schaar

Two modern trends in insurance are data-intensive underwriting and behavior-based insurance. Data-intensive underwriting means that insurers analyze more data for estimating the claim cost of a consumer and for determining the premium based…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Frederik Zuiderveen Borgesius , Marvin van Bekkum , Iris van Ooijen , Gabi Schaap , Maaike Harbers , Tjerk Timan

Consider the following Stochastic Score Classification Problem. A doctor is assessing a patient's risk of developing a certain disease, and can perform $n$ tests on the patient. Each test has a binary outcome, positive or negative. A…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-06-29 Dimitrios Gkenosis , Nathaniel Grammel , Lisa Hellerstein , Devorah Kletenik

We propose information criteria that measure the prediction risk of a predictive density based on the Bayesian marginal likelihood from a frequentist point of view. We derive criteria for selecting variables in linear regression models,…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-10-20 Yuki Kawakubo , Tatsuya Kubokawa , Muni S. Srivastava

Theoretical guarantees for causal inference using propensity scores are partly based on the scores behaving like conditional probabilities. However, scores between zero and one, especially when outputted by flexible statistical estimators,…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-11-12 Rom Gutman , Ehud Karavani , Yishai Shimoni

This paper studies proportional risk sharing at claim occurrence time in community-based insurance. Each participant is modeled by an individual Cram\'er-Lundberg surplus process, and, whenever a claim is reported within the pool, its cost…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-04-01 Michel Denuit , José Miguel Flores-Contró , Christian Y. Robert

Observational astrophysics consists of making inferences about the Universe by comparing data and models. The credible intervals placed on model parameters are often as important as the maximum a posteriori probability values, as the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-12-15 Will J. Percival , Oliver Friedrich , Elena Sellentin , Alan Heavens

Community rating is a policy that mandates uniform premium regardless of the risk factors. In this paper, our focus narrows to the single contract interpretation wherein we establish a theoretical framework for community rating using…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2023-12-12 Yann Braouezec , John Cagnol

Generative classifiers are constructed on the basis of a joint probability distribution and are typically learned using closed-form procedures that rely on data statistics and maximize scores related to data fitting. However, these scores…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Aritz Pérez , Carlos Echegoyen , Guzmán Santafé

The non-life insurance sector operates within a highly competitive and tightly regulated framework, confronting a pivotal juncture in the formulation of pricing strategies. Insurers are compelled to harness a range of statistical…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-06-21 Mulah Moriah , Franck Vermet , Arthur Charpentier
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