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Reasoning, the ability to logically draw conclusions from existing knowledge, is a hallmark of human. Together with perception, they constitute the two major themes of artificial intelligence. While deep learning has pushed the limit of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Zhaocheng Zhu

We focus on a conversational question answering task which combines the challenges of understanding questions in context and reasoning over evidence gathered from heterogeneous sources like text, knowledge graphs, tables, and infoboxes. Our…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Parag Jain , Mirella Lapata

Distributed representations (such as those based on embeddings) and discrete representations (such as those based on logic) have complementary strengths. We explore one possible approach to combining these two kinds of representations. We…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-02-06 Ramanathan Guha

In recent years, there has been a resurgence in methods that use distributed (neural) representations to represent and reason about semantic knowledge for robotics applications. However, while robots often observe previously unknown…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Angel Daruna , Mehul Gupta , Mohan Sridharan , Sonia Chernova

There is a lot of research interest in encoding variable length sentences into fixed length vectors, in a way that preserves the sentence meanings. Two common methods include representations based on averaging word vectors, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-02-10 Yossi Adi , Einat Kermany , Yonatan Belinkov , Ofer Lavi , Yoav Goldberg

Recent work exhibited that distributed word representations are good at capturing linguistic regularities in language. This allows vector-oriented reasoning based on simple linear algebra between words. Since many different methods have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-03-25 Fei Sun , Jiafeng Guo , Yanyan Lan , Jun Xu , Xueqi Cheng

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) address two key challenges in applying deep learning to graph-structured data: they handle varying size input graphs and ensure invariance under graph isomorphism. While GNNs have demonstrated broad…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Bernardo Cuenca Grau , Eva Feng , Przemysław Andrzej Wałęga

Graphs provide a unified representation of semantic content and relational structure, making them a natural fit for domains such as molecular modeling, citation networks, and social graphs. Meanwhile, large language models (LLMs) have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Haotian Xu , Yuning You , Tengfei Ma

Proofs are traditionally syntactic, inductively generated objects. This paper reformulates first-order logic (predicate calculus) with proofs which are graph-theoretic rather than syntactic. It defines a combinatorial proof of a formula…

Logic · Mathematics 2019-06-27 Dominic J. D. Hughes

First-order logic is the basis for many knowledge representation formalisms and methods. Providing technological support for learning to write first-order formulas for natural language specifications requires methods to test formulas for…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Fabian Vehlken , Thomas Zeume , Emilio Carrasco Bustamante , Maëlle Cornély , Lukas Pradel

Neural networks can be trained to rank the choices made by logical reasoners, resulting in more efficient searches for answers. A key step in this process is creating useful embeddings, i.e., numeric representations of logical statements.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Yifan Zhang , Yasir White , Dean Clark , Joseph Sanchez , Jevon Lipsey , Ashely Hirst , Jeff Heflin

Pretrained contextualized embeddings are powerful word representations for structured prediction tasks. Recent work found that better word representations can be obtained by concatenating different types of embeddings. However, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-02 Xinyu Wang , Yong Jiang , Nguyen Bach , Tao Wang , Zhongqiang Huang , Fei Huang , Kewei Tu

Over the past two decades several fragments of first-order logic have been identified and shown to have good computational and algorithmic properties, to a great extent as a result of appropriately describing the image of the standard…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-03-08 Lidia Tendera

Verifying software correctness has always been an important and complicated task. Recently, formal proofs of critical properties of algorithms and even implementations are becoming practical. Currently, the most powerful automated proof…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-04-10 Michael Raskin , Christoph Welzel

Mining graph data has become a popular research topic in computer science and has been widely studied in both academia and industry given the increasing amount of network data in the recent years. However, the huge amount of network data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-03 Wenwu Zhu , Xin Wang , Peng Cui

The field of natural language understanding has experienced exponential progress in the last few years, with impressive results in several tasks. This success has motivated researchers to study the underlying knowledge encoded by these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-06-03 Carlos Aspillaga , Marcelo Mendoza , Alvaro Soto

We present an unsupervised approach for discovering semantic representations of mathematical equations. Equations are challenging to analyze because each is unique, or nearly unique. Our method, which we call equation embeddings, finds good…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-03-28 Kriste Krstovski , David M. Blei

Recent work has shown that language models' (LMs) prompt-based learning capabilities make them well suited for automating data labeling in domains where manual annotation is expensive. The challenge is that while writing an initial prompt…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-21 Neel Guha , Mayee F. Chen , Kush Bhatia , Azalia Mirhoseini , Frederic Sala , Christopher Ré

Sentence Embedding stands as a fundamental task within the realm of Natural Language Processing, finding extensive application in search engines, expert systems, and question-and-answer platforms. With the continuous evolution of large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Bowen Zhang , Kehua Chang , Chunping Li

Recent work in learning ontologies (hierarchical and partially-ordered structures) has leveraged the intrinsic geometry of spaces of learned representations to make predictions that automatically obey complex structural constraints. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-08-03 Xiang Li , Luke Vilnis , Andrew McCallum