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In this paper we investigate the role of local information in the decoding of the repetition and surface error correction codes for the protection of quantum states. Our key result is an improvement in resource efficiency when local…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-30 Michael Hanks , William J. Munro , Kae Nemoto

A compelling application of quantum computers with thousands of qubits is quantum simulation. Simulating fermionic systems is both a problem with clear real-world applications and a computationally challenging task. In order to simulate a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-27 Emiliia Dyrenkova , Raymond Laflamme , Michael Vasmer

The surface code is a powerful quantum error correcting code that can be defined on a 2-D square lattice of qubits with only nearest neighbor interactions. Syndrome and data qubits form a checkerboard pattern. Information about errors is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-11-24 Austin G. Fowler , David S. Wang , Lloyd C. L. Hollenberg

Large-scale quantum information processing requires the use of quantum error correcting codes to mitigate the effects of noise in quantum devices. Topological error-correcting codes, such as surface codes, are promising candidates as they…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-27 Kunihiro Wasa , Shin Nishio , Koki Suetsugu , Michael Hanks , Ashley Stephens , Yu Yokoi , Kae Nemoto

We prove the existence of topological quantum error correcting codes with encoding rates $k/n$ asymptotically approaching the maximum possible value. Explicit constructions of these topological codes are presented using surfaces of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-08 H. Bombin , M. A. Martin-Delgado

The lower bound on the decoding error probability for the optimal code given a signal-to-noise ratio and a code rate are investigated in this letter for the reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) communication system over a Rician fading…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-28 Likun Sui , Zihuai Lin

We show how to absorb fermionic quantum simulation's expensive fermion-to-qubit mapping overhead into the overhead already incurred by surface-code-based fault-tolerant quantum computing. The key idea is to process information in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-10 Andrew J. Landahl , Benjamin C. A. Morrison

Recent work [M. J. Gullans et al., Physical Review X, 11(3):031066 (2021)] has shown that quantum error correcting codes defined by random Clifford encoding circuits can achieve a non-zero encoding rate in correcting errors even if the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-18 Andrew S. Darmawan , Yoshifumi Nakata , Shiro Tamiya , Hayata Yamasaki

We present hybrid Gibbs sampling algorithms for the stabilizer code Hamiltonians of the rotated surface code and the toric code with only local quantum algorithms, using $\sim L/2$ quantum circuit depth to prepare the Gibbs state of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-17 Ivan H. C. Shum , Angela Capel

Quantum information is fragile and must be protected by a quantum error-correcting code for large-scale practical applications. Recently, highly efficient quantum codes have been discovered which require a high degree of spatial…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-27 Nouédyn Baspin , Dominic Williamson

Known mappings that encode fermionic modes into a bosonic qubit system are non-local transformations. In this paper we establish that this must necessarily be the case, if the locality graph is complex enough (for example for regular 2$d$…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-26 Tommaso Guaita

An algorithm which encodes the $L\times L$ 2D toric code logical state with a circuit of depth $2L+1$, using only local controlled-NOT($CX$) and Hadamard($H$) gates, is presented.

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-20 Ivan H. C. Shum

We describe two implementations of the optimal error correction algorithm known as the maximum likelihood decoder (MLD) for the 2D surface code with a noiseless syndrome extraction. First, we show how to implement MLD exactly in time…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-10-01 Sergey Bravyi , Martin Suchara , Alexander Vargo

We introduce a scheme for efficiently describing pure states of strongly correlated fermions in higher dimensions using unitary circuits featuring a causal cone. A local way of computing local expectation values is presented. We formulate a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-06-01 C. Pineda , T. Barthel , J. Eisert

Quantum error correction, which utilizes logical qubits that are encoded as redundant multiple physical qubits to find and correct errors in physical qubits, is indispensable for practical quantum computing. Surface code is considered to be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Hoshitaro Ohnishi , Hideo Mukai

We perform an extended numerical search for practical fermion-to-qubit encodings with error correcting properties. Ideally, encodings should strike a balance between a number of the seemingly incompatible attributes, such as having a high…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-29 Fedor Simkovic , Martin Leib , Francisco Revson F. Pereira

Classical locally recoverable codes, which permit highly efficient recovery from localized errors as well as global recovery from larger errors, provide some of the most useful codes for distributed data storage in practice. In this paper,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-16 Louis Golowich , Venkatesan Guruswami

Resource consumption of the conventional surface code is expensive, in part due to the need to separate the defects that create the logical qubit far apart on the physical qubit lattice. We propose that instantiating the deformation-based…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-01-25 Shota Nagayama , Takahiko Satoh , Rodney Van Meter

The utility of solving the Fermi-Hubbard model has been estimated in the billions of dollars. Digital quantum computers can in principle address this task, but have so far been limited to quasi one-dimensional models. This is because of…

Information obtained from noise characterization of a quantum device can be used in classical decoding algorithms to improve the performance of quantum error-correcting codes. Focusing on the surface code under local (i.e. single-qubit)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-14 Andrew S. Darmawan