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In this paper we present an open source, fully asynchronous, leaderless algorithm for reaching consensus in the presence of Byzantine faults in an asynchronous network. We prove the algorithm's correctness provided that less than a third of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-07-29 Pierre Chevalier , Bartlomiej Kaminski , Fraser Hutchison , Qi Ma , Spandan Sharma , Andreas Fackler , William J Buchanan

Blockchain technology enhances transparency by maintaining a distributed ledger among mutually untrusting parties. Despite its advantages, scalability and availability remain critical bottlenecks that hinder widespread adoption. The…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Manaswini Piduguralla , Souvik Sarkar , Arunmoezhi Ramachandran , Sathya Peri

Permissionless blockchain technology offers numerous potential benefits for decentralised applications, such as security, transparency, and openness. BFT-based consensus mechanisms are widely adopted in the permissioned blockchain to meet…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Ziqiang Xu , Ahmad Salehi Shahraki , Naveen Chilamkurti

The Federated Byzantine Agreement (FBA) achieves rapid consensus by relying on overlapping quorum slices. But this architecture leads to a high dependence on the availability of validators when about one fourth of validators go down, the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Erdhi Widyarto Nugroho , R. Rizal Isnanto , Luhur Bayuaji

With upcoming blockchain infrastructures, world-spanning Byzantine consensus is getting practical and necessary. In geographically distributed systems, the pace at which consensus is achieved is limited by the heterogenous latencies of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-11-04 Christian Berger , Hans P. Reiser , João Sousa , Alysson Bessani

Byzantine fault-tolerant (BFT) state machine replication (SMR) has been studied for over 30 years. Recently it has received more attention due to its application in permissioned blockchain systems. A sequence of research efforts focuses on…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Ittai Abraham , Kartik Nayak , Ling Ren , Zhuolun Xiang

The parallel Byzantine Fault Tolerant (BFT) protocol is viewed as a promising solution to address the consensus scalability issue of the permissioned blockchain. One of the main challenges in parallel BFT is the view change process that…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Yifei Xie , Btissam Er-Rahmadi , Xiao Chen , Tiejun Ma , Jane Hillston

Fault-tolerant replicated database systems consume less energy than the compute-intensive proof-of-work blockchain. Thus, they are promising technologies for the building blocks that assemble global financial infrastructure. To facilitate…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Tejas Mane , Xiao Li , Mohammad Sadoghi , Mohsen Lesani

SURFACE, standing for Secure, Use-case adaptive, and Relatively Fork-free Approach of Chain Extension, is a consensus algorithm that is designed for real-world networks and enjoys the benefits from both the Nakamoto consensus and Byzantine…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-08-17 Zhijie Ren , Ziheng Zhou

Asynchronous Byzantine fault-tolerant (BFT) consensus protocols, known for their robustness in unpredictable environments without relying on timing assumptions, are becoming increasingly vital for wireless applications. While these…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Shuo Liu , Minghui Xu , Tianyi Sun , Xiuzhen Cheng

We present Egalitarian BFT (EBFT), a simple and high-performance framework of BFT consensus protocols for decentralized systems like blockchains. The key innovation in EBFT is egalitarian block generation: nodes randomly and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Jianyu Niu , Runchao Han , Shengqi Liu , Fangyu Gai , Ivan Beschastnikh , Yinqian Zhang , Chen Feng

With the growing commercial interest in blockchain, permissioned implementations have received increasing attention. Unfortunately, existing BFT consensus protocols that are the backbone of permissioned blockchains, either scale poorly or…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-03-24 Ray Neiheiser , Miguel Matos , Luís Rodrigues

Large-scale production is always associated with more and more development and interaction among peers, and many fields achieve higher economic benefits through project cooperation. However, project managers in the traditional centralized…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-07-20 Dun Li , Dezhi Han , Benhui Xia , Tien-Hsiung Weng , Arcangelo Castiglione , Kuan-Ching Li

Arma is a Byzantine Fault Tolerant (BFT) consensus system designed to achieve linear scalability across all hardware resources: network bandwidth, CPU, and disk I/O. As opposed to preceding BFT protocols, Arma separates the dissemination…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-12-22 Yacov Manevich

Arma is a Byzantine Fault Tolerant (BFT) consensus system designed to achieve horizontal scalability across all hardware resources: network bandwidth, CPU, and disk I/O. As opposed to preceding BFT protocols, Arma separates the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Yacov Manevich , Hagar Meir , Kaoutar Elkhiyaoui , Yoav Tock , May Buzaglo

Cryptocurrencies, based on and led by Bitcoin, have shown promise as infrastructure for pseudonymous online payments, cheap remittance, trustless digital asset exchange, and smart contracts. However, Bitcoin-derived blockchain protocols…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-11-12 Ittay Eyal , Adem Efe Gencer , Emin Gun Sirer , Robbert van Renesse

Consensus is one of the most fundamental distributed computing problems. In particular, it serves as a building block in many replication based fault-tolerant systems and in particular in multiple recent blockchain solutions. Depending on…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-08-08 Yehonatan Buchnik , Roy Friedman

Distributed control systems require high reliability and availability guarantees despite often being deployed at the edge of network infrastructure. Edge computing resources are less secure and less reliable than centralized resources in…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Roy Shadmon , Daniel Spencer , Owen Arden

The problem of Byzantine consensus has been key to designing secure distributed systems. However, it is particularly difficult, mainly due to the presence of Byzantine processes that act arbitrarily and the unknown message delays in general…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-05-05 Alejandro Ranchal-Pedrosa , Vincent Gramoli

Fault tolerance of a blockchain is often characterized by the fraction $f$ of "adversarial power" that it can tolerate in the system. Despite the fast progress in blockchain designs in recent years, existing blockchain systems can still…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-11-17 Ruomu Hou , Haifeng Yu , Prateek Saxena