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Factor analysis (FA) and principal component analysis (PCA) are popular statistical methods for summarizing and explaining the variability in multivariate datasets. By default, FA and PCA assume the number of components or factors to be…
We study the dynamic interactions and structural changes in global financial indices in the years 1998-2012. We apply a principal component analysis (PCA) to cross-correlation coefficients of the stock indices. We calculate the correlations…
This paper describes some applications of an incremental implementation of the principal component analysis (PCA). The algorithm updates the transformation coefficients matrix on-line for each new sample, without the need to keep all the…
This is a tutorial and survey paper on factor analysis, probabilistic Principal Component Analysis (PCA), variational inference, and Variational Autoencoder (VAE). These methods, which are tightly related, are dimensionality reduction and…
Principal component analysis (PCA) is one of the most popular dimension reduction techniques in statistics and is especially powerful when a multivariate distribution is concentrated near a lower-dimensional subspace. Multivariate extreme…
Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a well known procedure to reduce intrinsic complexity of a dataset, essentially through simplifying the covariance structure or the correlation structure. We introduce a novel algebraic, model-based…
Big data is transforming our world, revolutionizing operations and analytics everywhere, from financial engineering to biomedical sciences. The complexity of big data often makes dimension reduction techniques necessary before conducting…
Principal components analysis (PCA) is a well-known technique for approximating a tabular data set by a low rank matrix. Here, we extend the idea of PCA to handle arbitrary data sets consisting of numerical, Boolean, categorical, ordinal,…
Principal component analysis (PCA) is arguably the most popular tool in multivariate exploratory data analysis. In this paper, we consider the question of how to handle heterogeneous variables that include continuous, binary, and ordinal.…
We extend the principal component analysis (PCA) to second-order stationary vector time series in the sense that we seek for a contemporaneous linear transformation for a $p$-variate time series such that the transformed series is segmented…
Principal component analysis (PCA) is a dimensionality reduction method in data analysis that involves diagonalizing the covariance matrix of the dataset. Recently, quantum algorithms have been formulated for PCA based on diagonalizing a…
We consider the problem of learning a linear factor model. We propose a regularized form of principal component analysis (PCA) and demonstrate through experiments with synthetic and real data the superiority of resulting estimates to those…
The concept of quantum correlation matrix for observables leads to the application of the PCA (Principal Component Analysis) also for quantum system in Hilbert space. It is shown that, in the case of a 2x2 spin system where the observables…
In this brief note, we formulate Principal Component Analysis (PCA) over datasets consisting not of points but of distributions, characterized by their location and covariance. Just like the usual PCA on points can be equivalently derived…
Data integration, or the strategic analysis of multiple sources of data simultaneously, can often lead to discoveries that may be hidden in individualistic analyses of a single data source. We develop a new unsupervised data integration…
The article discusses selected problems related to both principal component analysis (PCA) and factor analysis (FA). In particular, both types of analysis were compared. A vector interpretation for both PCA and FA has also been proposed.…
Principal component analysis (PCA) is a widely employed statistical tool used primarily for dimensionality reduction. However, it is known to be adversely affected by the presence of outlying observations in the sample, which is quite…
Principal component analysis (PCA) is an important tool in exploring data. The conventional approach to PCA leads to a solution which favours the structures with large variances. This is sensitive to outliers and could obfuscate interesting…
Principal component analysis (PCA), a ubiquitous dimensionality reduction technique in signal processing, searches for a projection matrix that minimizes the mean squared error between the reduced dataset and the original one. Since…
Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is widely used for dimensionality reduction and data analysis. However, PCA results are adversely affected by outliers often observed in real-world data. Existing robust PCA methods are often…