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We calculate the quantum Cram\'er--Rao bound for the sensitivity with which one or several parameters, encoded in a general single-mode Gaussian state, can be estimated. This includes in particular the interesting case of mixed Gaussian…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-16 O. Pinel , P. Jian , N. Treps , C. Fabre , and D. Braun

Precise estimation of physical parameters underpins both scientific discovery and technological development. A central goal of quantum metrology and sensing is to exploit quantum resources like entanglement to devise optimal strategies for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-09 Zhao-Yi Zhou , Da-Jian Zhang

We revisit the problem of estimating an unknown parameter of a pure quantum state, and investigate `null-measurement' strategies in which the experimenter aims to measure in a basis that contains a vector close to the true system state.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-11 Federico Girotti , Alfred Godley , Mădălin Guţă

The quantum Cram\'er-Rao bound is a cornerstone of modern quantum metrology, as it provides the ultimate precision in parameter estimation. In the multiparameter scenario, this bound becomes a matrix inequality, which can be cast to a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-15 Aaron Z. Goldberg , Luis L. Sánchez-Soto , Hugo Ferretti

Quantum parameter estimation offers solid conceptual grounds for the design of sensors enjoying quantum advantage. This is realised not only by means of hardware supporting and exploiting quantum properties, but data analysis has its impact…

We describe a compact and reliable method to calculate the Fisher information for the estimation of a dynamical parameter in a continuously measured linear Gaussian quantum system. Unlike previous methods in the literature, which involve…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-06-08 Marco G. Genoni

Finding the optimal attainable precisions in quantum multiparameter metrology is a non trivial problem. One approach to tackling this problem involves the computation of bounds which impose limits on how accurately we can estimate certain…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-19 Lorcán Conlon , Jun Suzuki , Ping Koy Lam , Syed M. Assad

This paper deals with Cram\'er-Rao inequalities in the context of nonextensive statistics and in estimation theory. It gives characterizations of generalized q-Gaussian distributions, and introduces generalized versions of Fisher…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2012-06-05 J. -F. Bercher

The estimation of multiple parameters is a ubiquitous requirement in many quantum metrology applications. However, achieving the ultimate precision limit, i.e. the quantum Cram\'er-Rao bound, becomes challenging in these scenarios compared…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-25 Ben Wang , Kaimin Zheng , Qian Xie , Aonan Zhang , Liang Xu , Lijian Zhang

Bayesian analysis is a framework for parameter estimation that applies even in uncertainty regimes where the commonly used local (frequentist) analysis based on the Cram\'er-Rao bound is not well defined. In particular, it applies when no…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-17 Simon Morelli , Ayaka Usui , Elizabeth Agudelo , Nicolai Friis

Estimation of physical parameters encoded in a Hamiltonian is a central task in quantum sensing and learning. While the ultimate precision limit for estimating a single parameter coupled to a single generator is well established, the…

Due to the potential of quantum advantage to surpass the standard quantum limit (SQL), the nonlinear interferometers have garnered significant attention from researchers in the field of precision measurement. However, many practical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-20 Mengyao Zhou , Hongmei Ma , Liqing Chen , Weiping Zhang , Chun-Hua Yuan

The quantum Cram\'er-Rao theorem states that the quantum Fisher information (QFI) bounds the best achievable precision in the estimation of a quantum parameter $\xi$. This is true, however, under the assumption that the measurement employed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-09-26 Luigi Seveso , Matteo G. A. Paris

In this article we derive a measure of quantumness in quantum multi-parameter estimation problems. We can show that the ratio between the mean Uhlmann Curvature and the Fisher Information provides a figure of merit which estimates the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-01 Angelo Carollo , Bernardo Spagnolo , Alexander A. Dubkov , Davide Valenti

This paper explores as didactically as possible the fundamental principles of both classical and quantum metrology, focusing on the Cram\'er-Rao Bound and how it defines the maximum precision in parameter estimation, taking into account…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-13 Leonardo A. M. Souza

We develop a hybrid framework for quantum parameter estimation in the presence of nuisance parameters. In this Bayes-point scheme, the parameters of interest are treated as fixed non-random parameters while nuisance parameters are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-21 Jianchao Zhang , Jun Suzuki

The theoretical foundation of quantum sensing is rooted in the Cram\'er-Rao formalism, which establishes quantitative precision bounds for a given quantum probe. In many practical scenarios, where more than one parameter is unknown, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-05 George Mihailescu , Saubhik Sarkar , Abolfazl Bayat , Steve Campbell , Andrew K. Mitchell

The quantum Cram\'er-Rao bound sets a fundamental limit on the accuracy of unbiased parameter estimation in quantum systems, relating the uncertainty in determining a parameter to the inverse of the quantum Fisher information. We…

The aim of this thesis is to develop a theoretical framework to study parameter estimation of quantum channels. We study the task of estimating unknown parameters encoded in a channel in the sequential setting. A sequential strategy is the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-06 Vishal Katariya

We investigate the problem of estimating simultaneously multiple parameters encoded in the shape of the modes on which the light is expanded. For this, we generalize the mode-encoded parameter estimation theory as introduced in Ref.[1] to a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-23 Alexander Boeschoten , Giacomo Sorelli , Manuel Gessner , Claude Fabre , Nicolas Treps