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Brain Computer Interface (BCI) technologies have the potential to improve the lives of millions of people around the world, whether through assistive technologies or clinical diagnostic tools. Despite advancements in the field, however, at…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Chad Mello , Troy Weingart , Ethan M. Rudd

Advancements in clinical Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) depend on precise and reliable signal interpretation. However, the high-dimensional and noisy nature of data captured from both implanted and non-implanted BCIs poses significant…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-05-20 Elena C Offenberg , Dirk Keller , Mariska J Vansteensel , Zachary V Freudenburg , Nick F Ramsey , Julia Berezutskaya

Despite the general assumption that completely locked-in state (CLIS) patients remain conscious and aware of their environment, the effectiveness of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) in facilitating communication has been limited, as…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-09-30 Nicoli Leal , Rute Bettencourt , Urbano J. Nunes , Gabriel Pires

Brain computer interfaces (BCI) enable direct communication with a computer, using neural activity as the control signal. This neural signal is generally chosen from a variety of well-studied electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. For a given…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-28 Vernon J. Lawhern , Amelia J. Solon , Nicholas R. Waytowich , Stephen M. Gordon , Chou P. Hung , Brent J. Lance

Electroencephalogram (EEG)-based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are widely adopted due to their efficiency and portability; however, their decoding algorithms still face multiple challenges, including inadequate generalization,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Tianwang Jia , Xiaoqing Chen , Dongrui Wu

Brain computer interfaces systems are controlled by users through neurophysiological input for a variety of applications including communication, environmental control, motor rehabilitation, and cognitive training. Although individuals with…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-11-25 Deirdre McLaughlin , Daniel Klee , Tab Memmott , Betts Peters , Jack Wiedrick , Melanie Fried-Oken , Barry Oken

As the proliferation of technology dramatically infiltrates all aspects of modern life, in many ways the world is becoming so dynamic and complex that technological capabilities are overwhelming human capabilities to optimally interact with…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2012-11-06 Brent J. Lance , Scott E. Kerick , Anthony J. Ries , Kelvin S. Oie , Kaleb McDowell

The analysis of brain connectivity aims to understand the emergence of functional networks into the brain. This information can be used in the process of electroencephalographic (EEG) signal analysis and classification for a braincomputer…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2020-07-28 J. A. Gaxiola-Tirado

The Motor Imagery (MI) electroencephalography (EEG) based Brain Computer Interfaces (BCIs) allow the direct communication between humans and machines by exploiting the neural pathways connected to motor imagination. Therefore, these systems…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-26 Aurora Saibene , Silvia Corchs , Mirko Caglioni , Francesca Gasparini

Consumer-grade electroencephalography (EEG) devices show promise for Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) applications, but their efficacy in detecting subtle cognitive states remains understudied. We developed a comprehensive study paradigm…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Matthew Russell , Samuel Youkeles , William Xia , Kenny Zheng , Aman Shah , Robert J. K. Jacob

Handwriting imagery has emerged as a promising paradigm for brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) aimed at translating brain activity into text output. Compared with invasively recorded electroencephalography (EEG), non-invasive recording offers…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-04 Hao Yang , Guang Ouyang

We introduce Brain-Artificial Intelligence Interfaces (BAIs) as a new class of Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs). Unlike conventional BCIs, which rely on intact cognitive capabilities, BAIs leverage the power of artificial intelligence to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Anja Meunier , Michal Robert Žák , Lucas Munz , Sofiya Garkot , Manuel Eder , Jiachen Xu , Moritz Grosse-Wentrup

One of the current issues in Brain-Computer Interface is how to deal with noisy Electroencephalography measurements organized as multidimensional datasets. On the other hand, recently, significant advances have been made in multidimensional…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2018-07-27 Jordi Sole-Casals , Cesar F. Caiafa , Qibin Zhao , Adrzej Cichocki

Brain Computer/Machine Interfaces (BCI/BMIs) have substantial potential for enhancing the lives of disabled individuals by restoring functionalities of missing body parts or allowing paralyzed individuals to regain speech and other motor…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Soujatya Sarkar

Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) progressively lose voluntary motor control, often leading to a Locked-In State (LIS), or in severe cases, a Completely Locked-in State (CLIS). Eye-tracking (ET) systems are common…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Ana Patrícia Pinto , Rute Bettencourt , Urbano J. Nunes , Gabriel Pires

BCI systems are able to communicate directly between the brain and computer using neural activity measurements without the involvement of muscle movements. For BCI systems to be widely used by people with severe disabilities, long-term…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Krishna Pai , Rakhee Kallimani , Sridhar Iyer , B. Uma Maheswari , Rajashri Khanai , Dattaprasad Torse

Transfer learning (TL) has been widely used in electroencephalogram (EEG)-based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) for reducing calibration efforts. However, backdoor attacks could be introduced through TL. In such attacks, an attacker embeds…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-12-16 X. Jiang , L. Meng , S. Li , D. Wu

The N400 is an Event Related Potential that is evoked in response to conceptually meaningful stimuli. It is for instance more negative in response to incongruent than congruent words in a sentence, and more negative for unrelated than…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2019-08-29 Karen Dijkstra , Jason Farquhar , Peter Desain

A brain-computer interface (BCI) based on electroencephalography (EEG) is a promising technology for enhancing virtual reality (VR) applications-in particular, for gaming. We focus on the so-called P300-BCI, a stable and accurate BCI…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-02-07 Grégoire Cattan , Anton Andreev , Cesar Mendoza , Marco Congedo

Brain computing interfaces (BCI) are used in a plethora of safety/privacy-critical applications, ranging from healthcare to smart communication and control. Wearable BCI setups typically involve a head-mounted sensor connected to a mobile…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-01-20 Zahra Tarkhani , Lorena Qendro , Malachy O'Connor Brown , Oscar Hill , Cecilia Mascolo , Anil Madhavapeddy