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Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a fundamental data preprocessing tool in the world of machine learning. While PCA is often thought of as a dimensionality reduction method, the purpose of PCA is actually two-fold: dimension reduction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-25 Arpita Gang , Waheed U. Bajwa

Sparse Principal Component Analysis (sPCA) is a popular matrix factorization approach based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) that combines variance maximization and sparsity with the ultimate goal of improving data interpretation. When…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-11-19 J. Camacho , A. K. Smilde , E. Saccenti , J. A. Westerhuis

We propose a new sparse principal component analysis (SPCA) method in which the solutions are obtained by projecting the full cardinality principal components onto subsets of variables. The resulting components are guaranteed to explain a…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-10-09 Giovanni Maria Merola

Missing data is a commonly occurring problem in practice. Many imputation methods have been developed to fill in the missing entries. However, not all of them can scale to high-dimensional data, especially the multiple imputation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Thu Nguyen , Hoang Thien Ly , Michael Alexander Riegler , Pål Halvorsen , Hugo L. Hammer

In this work, we develop a novel principal component analysis (PCA) for semimartingales by introducing a suitable spectral analysis for the quadratic variation operator. Motivated by high-dimensional complex systems typically found in…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2016-03-10 Alberto Ohashi , Alexandre B Simas

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a widely used dimension reduction technique in machine learning and multivariate statistics. To improve the interpretability of PCA, various approaches to obtain sparse principal direction loadings have…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-06-07 Agniva Chowdhury , Petros Drineas , David P. Woodruff , Samson Zhou

We present a technique to perform dimensionality reduction on data that is subject to uncertainty. Our method is a generalization of traditional principal component analysis (PCA) to multivariate probability distributions. In comparison to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-14 Jochen Görtler , Thilo Spinner , Dirk Streeb , Daniel Weiskopf , Oliver Deussen

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a cornerstone of dimensionality reduction, yet its classical formulation relies critically on second-order moments and is therefore fragile in the presence of heavy-tailed data and impulsive noise.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Mario Sayde , Christopher Khater , Jihad Fahs , Ibrahim Abou-Faycal

Principal component analysis (PCA), a ubiquitous dimensionality reduction technique in signal processing, searches for a projection matrix that minimizes the mean squared error between the reduced dataset and the original one. Since…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-25 Guilherme Dean Pelegrina , Leonardo Tomazeli Duarte

Objective: In some situations that exist both scalar and functional data, called mixed and hybrid data, the hybrid PCA (HPCA) was introduced. Among the regression models for the hybrid data, we can count covariate-adjusted HPCA, the…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-01-20 Mohammad Fayaz , Alireza Abadi , Soheila Khodakarim

This paper considers the estimation and inference of the low-rank components in high-dimensional matrix-variate factor models, where each dimension of the matrix-variates ($p \times q$) is comparable to or greater than the number of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-10-20 Elynn Y. Chen , Jianqing Fan

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a classical and widely used method for dimensionality reduction, with applications in data compression, computer vision, pattern recognition, and signal processing. However, PCA is designed for…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-01 Wenhui Wu , Changchun Shang , Jianhua Zhao , Xuan Ma , Yue Wang

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a standard dimensionality reduction technique used in various research and applied fields. From an algorithmic point of view, classical PCA can be formulated in terms of operations on a multivariate…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-11-08 Ayisha Fayomi , Yannis Pantazis , Michail Tsagris , Andrew T. A. Wood

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a fundamental tool for data visualization, denoising, and dimensionality reduction. It is widely popular in Statistics, Machine Learning, Computer Vision, and related fields. However, PCA is well-known…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-07-21 Debolina Paul , Saptarshi Chakraborty , Swagatam Das

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is known to be the most widely applied dimensionality reduction approach. A lot of improvements have been done on the traditional PCA, in order to obtain optimal results in the dimensionality reduction of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-28 Chisom Ezinne Ogbuanya

In this paper, we propose a novel robust Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for high-dimensional data in the presence of various heterogeneities, especially the heavy-tailedness and outliers. A transformation motivated by the characteristic…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-04-05 Lingyu He , Yanrong Yang , Bo Zhang

We consider the problem of estimating multiple principal components using the recently-proposed Sparse and Functional Principal Components Analysis (SFPCA) estimator. We first propose an extension of SFPCA which estimates several principal…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-12-10 Michael Weylandt

Dimension reduction is useful for exploratory data analysis. In many applications, it is of interest to discover variation that is enriched in a "foreground" dataset relative to a "background" dataset. Recently, contrastive principal…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-05-04 Didong Li , Andrew Jones , Barbara Engelhardt

Principal component analysis (PCA) aims at estimating the direction of maximal variability of a high-dimensional dataset. A natural question is: does this task become easier, and estimation more accurate, when we exploit additional…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-06-19 Andrea Montanari , Emile Richard

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a popular tool for dimensionality reduction and feature extraction in data analysis. There is a probabilistic version of PCA, known as Probabilistic PCA (PPCA). However, standard PCA and PPCA are not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-16 Bowen Zhao , Xi Xiao , Wanpeng Zhang , Bin Zhang , Shutao Xia
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