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Code switching is a linguistic phenomenon that may occur within a multilingual setting where speakers share more than one language. With the increasing communication between groups with different languages, this phenomenon is more and more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-10 Jiaxiang Liu , Xuyi Chen , Shikun Feng , Shuohuan Wang , Xuan Ouyang , Yu Sun , Zhengjie Huang , Weiyue Su

The rapid expansion in the usage of social media networking sites leads to a huge amount of unprocessed user generated data which can be used for text mining. Author profiling is the problem of automatically determining profiling aspects…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-06-15 Ankush Khandelwal , Sahil Swami , Syed Sarfaraz Akhtar , Manish Shrivastava

Bangla-English code-mixing is widespread across South Asian social media, yet resources for implicit meaning identification in this setting remain scarce. Existing sentiment and sarcasm models largely focus on monolingual English or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Kazi Samin Yasar Alam , Md Tanbir Chowdhury , Tamim Ahmed , Ajwad Abrar , Md Rafid Haque

Code-switching, or switching between languages, occurs for many reasons and has important linguistic, sociological, and cultural implications. Multilingual speakers code-switch for a variety of purposes, such as expressing emotions,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-19 Ritu Belani , Jeffrey Flanigan

The use of multilingualism in the new generation is widespread in the form of code-mixed data on social media, and therefore a robust translation system is required for catering to the monolingual users, as well as for easier comprehension…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-25 Sainik Kumar Mahata , Soumil Mandal , Dipankar Das , Sivaji Bandyopadhyay

Code-switching, also called code-mixing, is the linguistics phenomenon where in casual settings, multilingual speakers mix words from different languages in one utterance. Due to its spontaneous nature, code-switching is extremely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Shuyue Stella Li , Cihan Xiao , Tianjian Li , Bismarck Odoom

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable multilingual capabilities despite the extreme language imbalance in the pre-training data. In this paper, we closely examine the reasons behind this phenomenon, focusing on the pre-training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Zhijun Wang , Jiahuan Li , Hao Zhou , Rongxiang Weng , Jingang Wang , Xin Huang , Xue Han , Junlan Feng , Chao Deng , Shujian Huang

Despite growing efforts to halt distasteful content on social media, multilingualism has added a new dimension to this problem. The scarcity of resources makes the challenge even greater when it comes to low-resource languages. This work…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Mohammad Zia Ur Rehman , Somya Mehta , Kuldeep Singh , Kunal Kaushik , Nagendra Kumar

Code-Switching (CS) is a common phenomenon observed in several bilingual and multilingual communities, thereby attaining prevalence in digital and social media platforms. This increasing prominence demands the need to model CS languages for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-04 Khyathi Raghavi Chandu , Alan W Black

The presence of sarcasm in conversational systems and social media like chatbots, Facebook, Twitter, etc. poses several challenges for downstream NLP tasks. This is attributed to the fact that the intended meaning of a sarcastic text is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-08 Aditya Shah , Chandresh Kumar Maurya

Code-mixing, the blending of multiple languages within a single conversation, introduces a distinctive challenge, particularly in the context of response generation. Capturing the intricacies of code-mixing proves to be a formidable task,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-25 Shivani Kumar , Tanmoy Chakraborty

Recent large language models (LLMs) demonstrate multilingual abilities, yet they are English-centric due to dominance of English in training corpora. The limited resource for low-resource languages remains a crucial challenge.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Seoyeon Kim , Huiseo Kim , Chanjun Park , Jinyoung Yeo , Dongha Lee

In this paper, we propose efficient and less resource-intensive strategies for parsing of code-mixed data. These strategies are not constrained by in-domain annotations, rather they leverage pre-existing monolingual annotated resources for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-04-03 Irshad Ahmad Bhat , Riyaz Ahmad Bhat , Manish Shrivastava , Dipti Misra Sharma

Code-mixing is a well-studied linguistic phenomenon when two or more languages are mixed in text or speech. Several datasets have been build with the goal of training computational models for code-mixing. Although it is very common to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Md Nishat Raihan , Dhiman Goswami , Antara Mahmud , Antonios Anastasopoulos , Marcos Zampieri

As the interaction over the web has increased, incidents of aggression and related events like trolling, cyberbullying, flaming, hate speech, etc. too have increased manifold across the globe. While most of these behaviour like bullying or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-03-28 Ritesh Kumar , Aishwarya N. Reganti , Akshit Bhatia , Tushar Maheshwari

There is an increasing demand for sentiment analysis of text from social media which are mostly code-mixed. Systems trained on monolingual data fail for code-mixed data due to the complexity of mixing at different levels of the text.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-09 Bharathi Raja Chakravarthi , Navya Jose , Shardul Suryawanshi , Elizabeth Sherly , John P. McCrae

Code-mixing or code-switching are the effortless phenomena of natural switching between two or more languages in a single conversation. Use of a foreign word in a language; however, does not necessarily mean that the speaker is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-03-16 Jasabanta Patro , Bidisha Samanta , Saurabh Singh , Prithwish Mukherjee , Monojit Choudhury , Animesh Mukherjee

Social media has become an indispensable part of the everyday lives of millions of people around the world. It provides a platform for expressing opinions and beliefs, communicated to a massive audience. However, this ease with which people…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2018-07-06 Rijul Magu , Kshitij Joshi , Jiebo Luo

Abusive language is a growing concern in many social media platforms. Repeated exposure to abusive speech has created physiological effects on the target users. Thus, the problem of abusive language should be addressed in all forms for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-28 Mithun Das , Somnath Banerjee , Animesh Mukherjee

The usage of more than one language in the same text is referred to as Code Mixed. It is evident that there is a growing degree of adaption of the use of code-mixed data, especially English with a regional language, on social media…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Gauri Takawane , Abhishek Phaltankar , Varad Patwardhan , Aryan Patil , Raviraj Joshi , Mukta S. Takalikar