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Related papers: Pebble drift and planetesimal formation in protopl…

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In the incremental growth model, planetesimal formation constitutes the least understood step in the process of planetary formation. The two main difficulties in this regard are the collision/fragmentation and the drift barriers. Numerous…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-08-28 H. Meheut , F. A. Gerosa , J. Bec

Late in the gaseous phase of a protostellar disk, centimeter-sized bodies probably settle into a thin ``dust layer'' at the midplane. A velocity difference between the dust layer and the gas gives rise to turbulence, which prevents further…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 J. Goodman , B. Pindor

We investigate the occurrence of accretion bursts, dust accumulation, and the prospects for planetesimal formation in a gravitationally unstable magnetized protoplanetary disk with globally suppressed but episodically triggered…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-04-21 Indrani Das , Eduard Vorobyov , Shantanu Basu

Context: Protoplanetary disks are observed to remain dust-rich for up to several million years. Theoretical modeling, on the other hand, raises several questions. Firstly, dust coagulation occurs so rapidly, that if the small dust grains…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2009-08-21 T. Birnstiel , C. P. Dullemond , F. Brauer

In the conventional theory of planet formation, it is assumed that protoplanetary disks are axisymmetric and have a smooth radial profile. However, recent radio observations of protoplanetary disks have revealed that many of them have…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-08-11 Tenri Jinno , Takayuki R. Saitoh , Yota Ishigaki , Junichiro Makino

I review the processes that shape the evolution of protoplanetary discs around young, solar-mass stars. I first discuss observations of protoplanetary discs, and note in particular the constraints these observations place on models of disc…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Richard Alexander

The formation of planetesimals is often accredited to collisional sticking of dust grains. The exact process is unknown, as collisions between larger aggregates tend to lead to fragmentation or bouncing rather than sticking. Recent…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-03 Fredrik Windmark , Til Birnstiel , Carsten Güttler , Jürgen Blum , Cornelis P. Dullemond , Thomas Henning

We investigate the gravitational instability (GI) of dust-ring structures and the formation of planetesimals by their gravitational collapse. The normalized dispersion relation of a self-gravitating ring structure includes two parameters…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-03-29 Sanemichi Z. Takahashi , Eiichiro Kokubo , Shu-ichiro Inutsuka

The radial drift and diffusion of dust particles in protoplanetary disks affect both the opacity and temperature of such disks as well as the location and timing of planetesimal formation. In this paper, we present results of numerical…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-10-17 Noemi Schaffer , Chao-Chin Yang , Anders Johansen

The streaming instability is a promising mechanism to induce the formation of planetesimals. Nonetheless, this process has been found in previous studies to require either a dust-to-gas surface density ratio or a dust size that is enhanced…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-10-19 Urs Schäfer , Anders Johansen

Planet formation is directly linked to the birthing environment that protoplanetary disks provide. The disk properties determine whether a giant planet will form and how it evolves. The number of exoplanet and disk observations is…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-11-08 Sofia Savvidou , Bertram Bitsch

No planets exist inside the orbit of Mercury and the terrestrial planets of the solar system exhibit a localized configuration. According to thermal structure calculation of protoplanetary disks, a silicate condensation line (~ 1300 K) is…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-05-16 Masahiro Ogihara , Eiichiro Kokubo , Takeru K. Suzuki , Alessandro Morbidelli

Stellar flybys are likely to be common in young star-forming regions and could be responsible for substructures observed in protoplanetary discs. Using three-dimensional smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations, we study dust trapping in…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-08 Vasundhara R. Prasad , Cristiano Longarini , Cathie J. Clarke

This chapter highlights the properties of turbulence and meso-scale flow structures in protoplanetary disks and their role in the planet formation process. Here we focus on the formation of planetesimals from a gravitational collapse of a…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-12-05 Hubert Klahr , Thomas Pfeil , Andreas Schreiber

The streaming instability is considered one of the leading candidates for the formation of planetesimals, due to its ability to overcome the bouncing and fragmentation barriers. The formation of dense dust clumps through this process,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-17 Arnaud Pierens , Thomas Collin-Dufresne , Min-Kai Lin , Emmanuel DiFolco

Aims. Dust plays a crucial role in the evolution of protoplanetary disks. We study the dynamics and growth of initially sub-$\mu m$ dust particles in self-gravitating young protoplanetary disks with various strengths of turbulent viscosity.…

I examine the standard model of planet formation, including pebble accretion, using numerical simulations. Planetary embryos large enough to become giant planets do not form beyond the ice line within a typical disk lifetime unless icy…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-07-06 J. E. Chambers

Models of dust coagulation and subsequent planetesimal formation are usually computed on the backdrop of an already fully formed protoplanetary disk model. At the same time, observational studies suggest that planetesimal formation should…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-03-22 Joanna Drazkowska , Cornelis P. Dullemond

The streaming instability is the leading model for planetesimal formation in protoplanetary disks, but it typically operates within the first ~Myr. In the Solar System, however, some planetesimals (the chondrite parent bodies) formed 2-4…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-29 Maya Tatarelli , Alessandro Morbidelli , Elena Lega

Gap-opening planets can generate dust-trapping vortices that may explain some of the latest discoveries of high-contrast crescent-shaped dust asymmetries in transition discs. While planet-induced vortices were previously thought to have…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-11-07 Michael Hammer , Paola Pinilla , Kaitlin M. Kratter , Min-Kai Lin