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Gradient descent yields zero training loss in polynomial time for deep neural networks despite non-convex nature of the objective function. The behavior of network in the infinite width limit trained by gradient descent can be described by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Yuqing Li , Tao Luo , Nung Kwan Yip

We prove the precise scaling, at finite depth and width, for the mean and variance of the neural tangent kernel (NTK) in a randomly initialized ReLU network. The standard deviation is exponential in the ratio of network depth to width.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-16 Boris Hanin , Mihai Nica

The Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK) is an important milestone in the ongoing effort to build a theory for deep learning. Its prediction that sufficiently wide neural networks behave as kernel methods, or equivalently as random feature models,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-25 Maxim Samarin , Volker Roth , David Belius

The study of deep neural networks (DNNs) in the infinite-width limit, via the so-called neural tangent kernel (NTK) approach, has provided new insights into the dynamics of learning, generalization, and the impact of initialization. One key…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-16 Sina Alemohammad , Zichao Wang , Randall Balestriero , Richard Baraniuk

Recent work by Jacot et al. (2018) has shown that training a neural network using gradient descent in parameter space is related to kernel gradient descent in function space with respect to the Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK). Lee et al. (2019)…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-05-26 Soufiane Hayou , Arnaud Doucet , Judith Rousseau

Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK) theory is widely used to study the dynamics of infinitely-wide deep neural networks (DNNs) under gradient descent. But do the results for infinitely-wide networks give us hints about the behavior of real…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-02 Mariia Seleznova , Gitta Kutyniok

Motivated by both theory and practice, we study how random pruning of the weights affects a neural network's neural tangent kernel (NTK). In particular, this work establishes an equivalence of the NTKs between a fully-connected neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Hongru Yang , Zhangyang Wang

Neural tangent kernels (NTKs) are a powerful tool for analyzing deep, non-linear neural networks. In the infinite-width limit, NTKs can easily be computed for most common architectures, yielding full analytic control over the training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Max Guillen , Philipp Misof , Jan E. Gerken

We perform a careful, thorough, and large scale empirical study of the correspondence between wide neural networks and kernel methods. By doing so, we resolve a variety of open questions related to the study of infinitely wide neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-09 Jaehoon Lee , Samuel S. Schoenholz , Jeffrey Pennington , Ben Adlam , Lechao Xiao , Roman Novak , Jascha Sohl-Dickstein

We prove that a randomly initialized neural network of *any architecture* has its Tangent Kernel (NTK) converge to a deterministic limit, as the network widths tend to infinity. We demonstrate how to calculate this limit. In prior…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-12-01 Greg Yang

Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK) is widely used to analyze overparametrized neural networks due to the famous result by Jacot et al. (2018): in the infinite-width limit, the NTK is deterministic and constant during training. However, this result…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-22 Mariia Seleznova , Gitta Kutyniok

The neural tangent kernel (NTK) has garnered significant attention as a theoretical framework for describing the behavior of large-scale neural networks. Kernel methods are theoretically well-understood and as a result enjoy algorithmic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Jonathan Wenger , Felix Dangel , Agustinus Kristiadi

This work studies the neural tangent kernel (NTK) of the deep equilibrium (DEQ) model, a practical ``infinite-depth'' architecture which directly computes the infinite-depth limit of a weight-tied network via root-finding. Even though the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Zhili Feng , J. Zico Kolter

We investigate the mathematical foundations of neural networks in the infinite-width regime through the Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK). We propose the NTK-Eigenvalue-Controlled Residual Network (NTK-ECRN), an architecture integrating Fourier…

The evolution of a deep neural network trained by the gradient descent can be described by its neural tangent kernel (NTK) as introduced in [20], where it was proven that in the infinite width limit the NTK converges to an explicit limiting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-19 Jiaoyang Huang , Horng-Tzer Yau

Recent research shows that the following two models are equivalent: (a) infinitely wide neural networks (NNs) trained under l2 loss by gradient descent with infinitesimally small learning rate (b) kernel regression with respect to so-called…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-29 Sanjeev Arora , Simon S. Du , Zhiyuan Li , Ruslan Salakhutdinov , Ruosong Wang , Dingli Yu

Yang (2020a) recently showed that the Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK) at initialization has an infinite-width limit for a large class of architectures including modern staples such as ResNet and Transformers. However, their analysis does not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Greg Yang , Etai Littwin

The Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK) has discovered connections between deep neural networks and kernel methods with insights of optimization and generalization. Motivated by this, recent works report that NTK can achieve better performances…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-06 Insu Han , Haim Avron , Neta Shoham , Chaewon Kim , Jinwoo Shin

A major factor in the success of deep neural networks is the use of sophisticated architectures rather than the classical multilayer perceptron (MLP). Residual networks (ResNets) stand out among these powerful modern architectures. Previous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-25 Tom Tirer , Joan Bruna , Raja Giryes

At initialization, artificial neural networks (ANNs) are equivalent to Gaussian processes in the infinite-width limit, thus connecting them to kernel methods. We prove that the evolution of an ANN during training can also be described by a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-11 Arthur Jacot , Franck Gabriel , Clément Hongler
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