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The notion of an unexpected curve in the plane was introduced in 2018, and was quickly generalized in several directions in a flurry of mathematical activity by many authors. In this expository paper we first describe some of the main…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2023-03-24 Brian Harbourne , Juan Migliore , Uwe Nagel

Several papers have been written studying unexpected hypersurfaces. We say a finite set of points Z admits unexpected hypersurfaces if a general union of fat linear subspaces imposes less that the expected number of conditions on the ideal…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2020-03-06 Bill Trok

In the paper we provide a new method of proving the existence of a hypersurface of degree $d$ in $\mathbb{P}^n$, with a general point of multiplicity $m$ and vanishing at a given set of points $Z$, by looking at weak combinatorics of a set…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2025-02-26 Marcin Dumnicki , Grzegorz Malara , Halszka Tutaj-Gasińska

The aim of this note is to give a generalization of some results concerning unexpected hypersurfaces. Unexpected hypersurfaces occur when the actual dimension of the space of forms satisfying certain vanishing data is positive and the…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2019-07-11 Marcin Dumnicki , Lucja Farnik , Brian Harbourne , Grzegorz Malara , Justyna Szpond , Halszka Tutaj-Gasinska

Unexpected hypersurfaces arise when vanishing in points of a set $Z$ and higher-order vanishing along a general linear subspace fails to impose the expected number of independent conditions on forms of a fixed degree. The phenomenon was…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2025-11-17 Marek Janasz , Grzegorz Malara , Halszka Tutaj-Gasińska

The purpose of this note is to establish a direct link between the theory of unexpected hypersurfaces and varieties with defective osculating behavior. We identify unexpected plane curves of degree 4 as sections of a rational surface X of…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2019-05-15 Justyna Szpond

In a recent paper by Cook, et al., which introduced the concept of unexpected plane curves, the focus was on understanding the geometry of the curves themselves. Here we expand the definition to hypersurfaces of any dimension and, using…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2018-12-21 B. Harbourne , J. Migliore , U. Nagel , Z. Teitler

In order to determine the Hilbert function of the ideal of a fat point subscheme of projective space, we show that it is enough to determine, both for the subscheme itself and the subschemes obtained from it by successively adjoining to it…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Brian Harbourne

We study linear systems of surfaces in $\mathbb{P}^3$ singular along general lines. Our purpose is to identify and classify special systems of such surfaces, i.e., those nonempty systems where the conditions imposed by the multiple lines…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2019-01-15 M. Dumnicki , B. Harbourne , J. Roé , T. Szemberg , H. Tutaj-Gasińska

The purpose of this note is to present and study a new series of the so-called unexpected curves. They enjoy a surprising property to the effect that their degree grows to infinity, whereas the multiplicity at a general fat point remains…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2020-03-06 Jakub Kabat , Beata Strycharz-Szemberg

In a recent paper arXiv:1602.02300v2, Cook II, Harbourne, Migliore and Nagel related the splitting type of a line arrangement in the projective plane to the number of conditions imposed by a general fat point of multiplicity $j$ to the…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2019-02-07 Michela Di Marca , Grzegorz Malara , Alessandro Oneto

A projective hypersurface $X \subseteq \mathbb P^n$ has defect if $h^i(X) \neq h^i(\mathbb P^n)$ for some $i \in \{n, \dots, 2n-2\}$ in a suitable cohomology theory. This occurs for example when $X \subseteq \mathbb P^4$ is not $\mathbb…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2016-10-14 Niels Lindner

In the paper we present new examples of unexpected varieties. The research on unexpected varieties started with a paper of Cook II, Harbourne, Migliore and Nagel and was continued in the paper of Harbourne, Migliore, Nagel and Teitler. Here…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2019-04-09 Brian Harbourne , Juan Migliore , Halszka Tutaj-Gasińska

We compute some numerical invariants of the lines on hyperplane sections of a smooth cubic threefold over complex numbers. We also prove that for any smooth hypersurface $X\subset \mathbb P^{n+1}$ of degree $d$ over an algebraically closed…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2020-07-08 Yiran Cheng

Let $X$ be a very general degree $d\geq 5$ hypersurface in $\mathbb{P}^3$. We compute the ample cone of the Hilbert scheme $X^{[n]}$ of $n$ points on $X$ for various small values of $n$ (the answer is already known for large $n$). We obtain…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2023-12-12 Neelarnab Raha

We estimate from below the expected Betti numbers of real hypersurfaces taken at random in a smooth real projective n-dimensional manifold. These random hypersurfaces are chosen in the linear system of a large d-th power of a real ample…

Symplectic Geometry · Mathematics 2017-05-17 Damien Gayet , Jean-Yves Welschinger

Timely detection of abrupt anomalies is crucial for real-time monitoring and security of modern systems producing high-dimensional data. With this goal, we propose effective and scalable algorithms. Proposed algorithms are nonparametric as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-19 Mehmet Necip Kurt , Yasin Yilmaz , Xiaodong Wang

In 2018, Cook, Harbourne, Migliore and Nagel introduced the concept of unexpected hypersurfaces, which connects the study of Lefschetz properties of artinian algebras defined by powers of linear forms, to a family of interpolation problems.…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2025-10-14 Thiago Holleben

Given a geometrically irreducible subscheme X in P^n over F_q of dimension at least 2, we prove that the fraction of degree d hypersurfaces H such that the intersection of H and X is geometrically irreducible tends to 1 as d tends to…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2017-06-08 François Charles , Bjorn Poonen

We establish uniqueness and regularity results for tangent cones (at a point or at infinity) with isolated singularities arising from a given immersed stable minimal hypersurface with suitably small (non-immersed) singular set. In…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2024-01-30 Nick Edelen , Paul Minter
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