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Online user privacy and tracking have been extensively studied in recent years, especially due to privacy and personal data-related legislations in the EU and the USA, such as the General Data Protection Regulation, ePrivacy Regulation, and…

Web tracking has been extensively studied over the last decade. To detect tracking, previous studies and user tools rely on filter lists. However, it has been shown that filter lists miss trackers. In this paper, we propose an alternative…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-03-02 Imane Fouad , Nataliia Bielova , Arnaud Legout , Natasa Sarafijanovic-Djukic

On today's Web, users trade access to their private data for content and services. Advertising sustains the business model of many websites and applications. Efficient and successful advertising relies on predicting users' actions and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2016-05-25 Silvia Puglisi , David Rebollo-Monedero , Jordi Forné

The privacy implications of third-party tracking is a well-studied problem. Recent research has shown that besides data aggregators and behavioral advertisers, online social networks also act as trackers via social widgets. Existing cookie…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-06-15 Istemi Ekin Akkus , Nicholas Weaver

Websites with hyper-partisan, left or right-leaning focus offer content that is typically biased towards the expectations of their target audience. Such content often polarizes users, who are repeatedly primed to specific (extreme) content,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-04-01 Pushkal Agarwal , Sagar Joglekar , Panagiotis Papadopoulos , Nishanth Sastry , Nicolas Kourtellis

People are becoming increasingly concerned with their online privacy, especially with how advertising companies track them across websites (a practice called cross-site tracking), as reconstructing a user's browser history can reveal…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-22 Alisha Ukani

Third-party services form an integral part of the mobile ecosystem: they allow app developers to add features such as performance analytics and social network integration, and to monetize their apps by enabling user tracking and targeted ad…

Today, many web advertising data flows involve passive cross-site tracking of users. Enabling such a mechanism through the usage of third party tracking cookies (3PC) exposes sensitive user data to a large number of parties, with little…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-10-29 Joseph J. Pfeiffer , Denis Charles , Davis Gilton , Young Hun Jung , Mehul Parsana , Erik Anderson

This paper explores tracking and privacy risks on pornography websites. Our analysis of 22,484 pornography websites indicated that 93% leak user data to a third party. Tracking on these sites is highly concentrated by a handful of major…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-07-16 Elena Maris , Timothy Libert , Jennifer Henrichsen

Numerous surveys have shown that Web users are concerned about the loss of privacy associated with online tracking. Alarmingly, these surveys also reveal that people are also unaware of the amount of data sharing that occurs between ad…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-02-17 Muhammad Ahmad Bashir , Sajjad Arshad , William Robertson , Christo Wilson

Zoom serves millions of users daily and allows third-party developers to integrate their apps with the Zoom client and reach those users. So far, these apps' privacy and security aspects, which can access rich audio-visual data (among…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Saharsh Goenka , Adit Prabhu , Payge Sakurai , Mrinaal Ramachandran , Rakibul Hasan

Third-party tracking is common on almost all commercially operated websites. Prior work has studied in detail the extent of third-party tracking on the web, detection of third-party trackers, and defending against third-party tracking.…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-11-18 Matius Chairani , Mathieu Chevalley , Abderrahmane Lazraq , Sruti Bhagavatula

Privacy has deteriorated in the world wide web ever since the 1990s. The tracking of browsing habits by different third-parties has been at the center of this deterioration. Web cookies and so-called web beacons have been the classical ways…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2018-11-01 Jukka Ruohonen , Ville Leppänen

Due to their essential role as places for socialization, "third places" - social places where people casually visit and communicate with friends and neighbors - have been studied by a wide range of fields including network science,…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-01-14 Jaehyuk Park , Bogdan State , Monica Bhole , Michael C. Bailey , Yong-Yeol Ahn

The privacy community has a long track record of investigating emerging types of web tracking techniques. Recent work has focused on compliance of web trackers with new privacy laws such as Europe's GDPR and California's CCPA. Despite the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Shaoor Munir , Nurullah Demir , Qian Li , Konrad Kollnig , Zubair Shafiq

The recently introduced General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) requires that when obtaining information online that could be used to identify individuals, their consents must be obtained. Among other things, this affects many common…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-05-06 Xuehui Hu , Nishanth Sastry

In this paper we argue that policies are an increasing concern for organizations that are operating a web site. Examples of policies that are relevant in the domain of the web address issues such as privacy of personal data, accessibility…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2008-07-31 Holger M. Kienle , Hausi A. Müller

Data collection and aggregation by online services happens to an extent that is often beyond awareness and comprehension of its users. Transparency tools become crucial to inform people, though it is unclear how well they work. To…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-19 Patricia Arias-Cabarcos , Saina Khalili , Thorsten Strufe

To what extent are users surveilled on the web, by what technologies, and by whom? We answer these questions by combining passively observed, anonymized browsing data of a large, representative sample of Americans with domain-level data on…

Applications · Statistics 2026-01-01 Lucas Shen , Gaurav Sood

Online tracking has become of increasing concern in recent years, however our understanding of its extent to date has been limited to snapshots from web crawls. Previous at-tempts to measure the tracking ecosystem, have been done using…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-07-07 Arjaldo Karaj , Sam Macbeth , Rémi Berson , Josep M. Pujol